International Trade Rules Home > Helper
Revid American Foreign Trade Definitions, 1990
FOREWORD
Since the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919 many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and u by buyers and llers throughout the world. At the Twenty Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of the Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions. The following Revid American Foreign Trade Definitions - 1990 are recommended for general u by both exporters and importers. The revid definitions have no status at law unless there is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence, it is suggested that ller and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale. The revid definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.
In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1941, certain new responsibilities for llers and buyers are included in the revid definitions. Also, in many instances, the old responsibilities are mo
re clearly defined than in the 1941 Definitions, and the changes should be beneficial both to llers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding.
Adoption by exporters and importers of the revid terms will impress on all parties concerned their respective responsibilities and rights.
新西兰工签General Notes of Caution
1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world, and as the courts of countries have interpreted the definitions in different ways, it is important that llers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revid American Foreign Trade Definitions
- 1990 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.
2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times ud, such as Free Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed), and others. No
给领导的祝福短信ne of the should be ud unless there has first been a definite understanding as to the exact meaning thereof, It is unwi to attempt to interpret other terms in the light of the terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be ud.
3. It is unwi to u abbreviations in quotations or in contracts which might be subject to misunderstanding.
4. When making quotations, the familiar terms "hundredweight" or "ton" should be avoided. A hundredweight can be 100 pounds of the short ton, or 112 pounds of the long ton. A ton can be a short ton of 2,000 pounds, or a metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds, or a long ton of 2,240 pounds. Hence, the type of hundredweight or ton should be clearly stated in quotations and in sales confirmations. Also, all terms referring to quantity, weight, volume, length, or surface should be clearly defined
and agreed upon.
5. If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether the cost thereof is for account of ller or buyer.
6. Unless otherwi agreed upon, all expens are for the account of ller up to the point at which the Buyer must handle the subquent movement of goods.
7. There are a number of elements in a contract that do not fall within the scope of the foreign trade definitions. Hence, no mention of the is made herein. Seller and buyer should agree to the parately when negotiating contracts. This particularly applies to so-called "customary" practices.
DEFINITIONS OF QUOTA TIONS心灵的触动
(I) EXW (Ex Works - named place)
"Ex Factory", "Ex Mill", "Ex Mine", "Ex Plantation", "Ex Warehou",
etc. (named point of origin)
Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin, and the ller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed. Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) bear all costs and risks of the goods until such time as the buyer is obliged to take delivery therof ;
(2) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expen, assistance in obtaining the documents issu
ed in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
Buyer must (1) take delivery of the goods as soon as they have been placed at his disposal at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed ;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or changes, if any, levied becau of exportation ;
职业规划怎么写
(3) bear all costs and risks of the goods from the time when he is obligated to take delivery whereof ;
(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purpos of exportation or of importation at destination.
(II) F.O.B.(Free on Board)
Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments on all F.O.B. Terms" given at the end of this ction, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under the veral class of "F.O.B." terms.
拔苗助长的歇后语
淘客良品(II-A) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point
of departure)"
Under this terms, the price quoted applies only at inland applies only at inland shipping point, and
the ller arranges for loading of the goods on, or in, railway cars, trucks, lighters, barges, aircraft, or other conveyance furnished for transportation.
Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;
(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight collect ;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed in, or on, conveyance at loading point, and clean bill of lading other transportation receipt has been furnished by the carrier ;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expen, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipments, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland point of loading and pay all transportation costs ;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied becau of exportation;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after loading at named inland point of departure ;
(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
(II-B) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point of
departure) Freight Prepaid To (named point of exportation)"
Under this term, the ller quotes a price including transportation charges to the named point of exportation and prepays freight to named point of exportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.
活血胶囊
Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) assume the ller's obligations as under II-A. except that under (2) he must provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight prepaid to named point of exportation. Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligation as under II-A, except that he does not pay freight from loading point to named point of exportation.饥肠辘辘造句
(II-C) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point of
departure) Freight Allowed To (named point)"
Under this term, the ller quotes a price including the transportation charges to the named point, shipping freight collect and deducting the cost of transportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.
Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) assume the same ller's obligations as under II-A, but deducts from his invoice the transportation cost to named point.
Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligations as under II-A, including payment of freight
from inland loading point to named point, for which ller has made deduction.
(II-D) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named
point of exportation)"
Under this term, the ller quotes a price including the costs of transportation of the goods to named point of exportation, bearing any loss or damage, or both, incurred up to that point.
Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;
(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, paying all transportation costs from loading point to named point of exportation ;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expen, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland conveyance at named point of exportation ;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied becau of exportation;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;
(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
(II-E) "F.O.B. Vesl (named port of shipment)"
Under this term, the ller quotes a price covering all expens up to, and including, delivery of the goods upon the overas vesl provided by, or for, the buyer at the named port of shipment. Under
this quotation :
Seller must (1) pay all charges incurred in placing goods actually on board the vesl designated and provided by, or for, the buyer on the date or within the period fixed ;
(2) provide clean ship's receipt or on-board bill of lading ;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed on board the vesl on the date or within the period fixed ;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expen, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
Buyer must (1) give ller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vesl ;
(2) bear the additional costs incurred and all risks of the good from the time when the ller has placed them at his disposal if the vesl named by him fails to arrive or to load within the designated time ;
(3) handle all subquent movement of the goods to destination ;
(a) provide and pay for insurance ;
(b) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation ;
(4) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied becau of exportation;
(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, after goods have been loaded on board the vesl ;
(6) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than ocean ship's receipt or bill of lading, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purpos of exportation, or of importation at destination.
(II-F) "F.O.B.(named inland point in country
of importation)"
Under this term, the ller quotes a price including the cost of the merchandi and all costs of transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation.
Under this quotation :
Seller must (1) provide and pay for all transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation ;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied becau of exportation;
(3) provide and pay for marine insurance ;
(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwi agreed upon between the ller and buyer ;
(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until arrival of goods on conveyance at the named inland point in the country of importation ;
(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country ;
(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes, if any ;
(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation ;
(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation. Note : The ller under this quotation must realize that he is accepting important responsibilities, costs, and risks, and should therefore be certain to obtain adequate insurance. On the other hand, the importer or buyer may desire such quotations to relieve him of the risks of the voyage and to assure him of his landed costs at inland point in country of importation. When competition is keen, or the buyer is accustomed to such quotations from other llers, ller may quote such terms, being careful to protect himlf in an appropriate manner.
Buyer must (1) take prompt delivery of goods from conveyance upon arrival at destination.
(2) bear any costs and be responsible for all loss or damage, or both, after arrival at destination.
Comments on All F.O.B. Terms
In connection with. F.O.B. terms, the following points of caution are recommended :
1. The method of inland transportation, such as trucks, railroad cars, lighters, barges, or aircraft should be specified.
