选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Conquently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to reprent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
10月5号The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced tho held in the Middle Ages.Peopl
e began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to posss t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great hous. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themlves, their hous and posssions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first ud by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours ud in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to e the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
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Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inv
entions and social changes. Naturally, the changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, becau natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as tho of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angr about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modem art". This is becau t he Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of the painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modem art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we e them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to repr
ent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. The styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?
THE BEST OF MANHATTAN
’S ART GALLERIES
The Frick Collection (5th Avenue and E.70th Street)
Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his hou, furniture and art collection to the American people. Frick had a preference for pre-twentieth century Western paintings, and the are well-reprented in this excellent collection. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a Visit.
Guggenheim Muum(5th Avenue and 88th Street)
This muum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. The art works are not all displayed at the same time. The exhibition is always changing. It will appeal to tho who love
Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. The Guggenheim Muum building is also world-famous. When you walk into gallery, you feel as if you
were inside a fragile, white ashell. The best way to e the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. There are no stairs just a circular path. The
muum also has an excellent restaurant.
Metropolitan Muum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street)
The reputation of this muum lies in the variety of its art collection. This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China, Egypt, other African countries and South America. The muum displays more than just the visual delights of art. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. You can visit an Egyptian temple, a fragrant Ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century French hou and many other special exhibitions.
Muum of Modern Art (53rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues)
It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to
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the 21st century are houd in the same muum. The collection of Western art includes paintings by such famous artists as Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso and Matis. A few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the muum is often very crowded.
Whitney Muum of American Art (945 Madison Avenue, near 75th Street)
The Whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary American painting and sculpture. There are no permanent displays in this muum and exhibitions change all the time. Every two years, the Whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. The muum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.
选修6 Unit 2 Poems-Reading
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others
try to convey certain emotions. Poets u many different forms of poetry to express themlves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nurry rhymes. The rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children becau they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make n and even em contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nurry rhymes, children learn about language.
A Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird. If
that mockingbird won't sing, Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat. If that billy-goat runs away, Papa's going to buy you another today.
One of the simplest kinds of poems are tho like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phras which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).
B I saw a fish-portal all on fire
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
I saw a hou bow to a squire,
I saw a person twelve-feet high,
I saw a cottage in the sky,
I saw a balloon made of lead,
I saw a coffin drop down dead,
I saw two sparrows run a race,
I saw two hors making lace,
I saw g girl just like a cat,三国荆州
党建调研报告I saw a kitten wear a hat,
I saw a man who saw the too,
And said though strange they all were true.
C Our first football match
We would have won ...
if Jack had scored that goal,
if we'd had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had pasd the ball to Joe,
if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,
if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,
if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,
if we hadn't taken it easy,
if we hadn't run out of energy.
We would have won ...
if we'd been better!
求职信标题Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. With the, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.
D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine
E Summer Sleepy, salty Drying, drooping, dreading Week in, week out Endless
F A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly!
( by Moritake)
G Snow having melted, The whole village is brimful Of happy children.
(by Issa)
Haiku is a Japane form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of Engli
sh poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy
to write and, like the cinquain , can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japane.
H Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.,
(by Wang Jian)
Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular? A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chine.
With so many different forms of poetry to choo from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!
I'VE SAVED THE SUMMER
I've saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
I've saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for mylf I've kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,朝来森林公园
Till you're older you'll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way直接分配法
The answers lie somewhere
