1、1994年
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge。 (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as becau of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) ”In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and u of a ries of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions。 ”
(73）Over the years， tools and technology themlves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell，
Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes ， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’ s role at the start of the scientific revolution。 The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the cond century, who elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. （74） Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth。 But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists， was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglass .
长沙张家界Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. （75)Whether the Government should increa the financing of pure science at the expen of technology or vice versa （反之) often depends on the issue of which is en as the driving force.
精美译文
新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。(71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西.（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。
（73）担组词多音字工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。
鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密；了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心.（74)伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球。但是，在新学派科学家看来，这件事中真正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改进和发展。
联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去.（75)政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量.
题目解析:
(71 ) 、Science moves forward， they say， not so much through the insights of great men of genius as becau of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools。
结构分析：
宾语从句的主句Science // moves forward, // 主句 插入结构they say, // 并列结构1 not so much 原因状语结构through // 多重定语the insights / of great men / of genius // 并列结构2 as 原因状语结构becau of // more ordinary things // 举例like / improved techniques and tool。
电脑连接电视词义推敲：
move forward：向前发展。
they say：间接引语作插入结构——前置.
they：指代the new school of scientists
技巧：单复数对应：according to – say
not so much.。. as.。。 是as … as … （和……一样多）的否定形式，理解为:“与其……倒不如……”。
through因为
技巧：not as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同,所以多义介词through的意思应该等于becau of因为，由于。
the insights / of great men / of genius:天才伟人的真知灼见.多重后置定语--后浪推前浪，从后往前翻译。
insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 洞察力;心智的敏锐——真知灼见，远见卓识
genius：天才
more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词仓库管理制度范文
more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
like：such as
参考译文:
新学派科学家们说，科学之所以发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
得分重点：
插入结构，并列结构,原因状语结构
(72)、 声名什么起"In short" , a leader of the new school contends， ”the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and u of a ries of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. ”
结构分析:
直接引语作宾语从句 介词短语作状语“In short，” // 主句a leader / of the new school // contends， // “直接引语中的主语the scientific revolution， // 插入结构as we call it, 直接引语中的谓语// was largely // 多重定语the improvement and invention and u of / a ries of / instruments // 定语从句 主语that // 谓语expanded // the reach / of science // 介词短语作方式状语in innumerable direction。"
词义推敲：
in short 简而言之
a leader of the new school contends:新学派的一位领导人物说/认为
school学派.给老师的一封信作文
contend:to maintain or asrt 主张或声称
the scientific revolution：科学革命
revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大变革在一情况下的突然或瞬时改变
as we call it我们所称之谓的，我们所说的
largely:for the most part； mainly 大部分地；主要地
the improvement and invention and u of / a ries of / instruments 一系列器具的改进、发明和使用。怎么煮面
a ries of一系列
expand扩大，张开
reach range or scope of influence or effect. 影响力产生影响或效果的范围或领域
参考译文：
“简而言之”,新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说，“我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,而（这些改进、发明和使用 / 这）（使科学发展的范围无所不及 / 使科学发展无所不及 / 在无数方面拓展了科学的领域）。”
