英译汉作业
Voodoo Cities
巫毒城市
The quality of urban life and culture have changed markedly throughout the western world since 1972. Before then we had urban renewal, public housing, tearing cities apart to make way for the car, suburbanisation, and mass production of urban environments in soulless modernist style.
自1972年以来整个西方世界的城市生活质量和文化发生了显著的变化。在此之前，我们进行了市区重建，公共住房建设，拆散城市措施，以便给交通让道，利于市郊化和大量生产没有灵魂的现代主义风格的城市设施。
There were abundant signs of unrest (inner city impoverishment, inadequate social provision, radical protest against the homogeneity and blandness of daily life). But they were tempered by a certain political commitment to do something about material needs, alb
eit within the constraints of the efficient and rational planning of urban life and space.
做人做事的底线 城市中有很多表明动荡的迹象（内城贫困，社会供应不足，对同质化和日常生活的平淡发起地的激进抗议）。但由于政府特定的政治承诺，即要采取一些有关民众物质需求的办法，以致这些迹象逐渐缓和，虽然仅局限于城市生活和空间的有效而合理的规划。
杭州安全教育平台登录入口 Since 1972, however, a whole new urban vocabulary has come into play. Words like “gentrification” and “yuppie”， styles like postmodernism, the creation of spaces of play and spectacle, the imitation or prervation of past environments, the cealess promotion of almost anything that has glitz and glitter, are just some of the signs of radical change.
然而1972年以来，一个全新的城市词汇已经开始发挥作用。诸如像“绅士化”
和“雅皮士”的词，后现代主义风格，对于游戏和眼镜领域的创造，对于过去城市设施环境的模仿和保留，和对几乎所有发亮发光事物的不断推广，而这些，仅是巨大改变中的一部分迹象而已。
Where we ud to think of the city as a machine for working in, we now e it as an antique, a spectacle or even an image for living in. The city is no longer treated as an entity malleable for broad social ends, but as a college of spaces and people, of ephemeral events and fragmentary contacts.
过去我们把城市当做可以在里面工作的机器，而现在视它为可以在其中居住
的一个古董，一个场面或是仅仅一个形象而已。城市不再被当做是可以满足许多社会需求的一个实体，而是一所学院，其间有场地，人群，短暂的事件和零碎的人与人间的接触。菜粥的做法
We no longer plan the whole, but design the parts. We no longer renew, we rehabilitate and renovate. Aesthetics dominates ethics. Images dominate the narratives of coherent analysis. And in spite of noble rearguard actions, the overall political will to do anything about omniprent urban discontents has faded. Our cities may be an arena of actual or impending social disaster but at least they look nicer.
我们不再规划整体，而是计划局部。我们不再彻底更新，仅仅是对旧事物修复和翻新。美
割圆术学价值胜于伦理学。外在的形象的重要性胜于对连贯分析的叙述。且不论崇高的后卫行动，为解决无所不在的城市民怨而采取任何措施的总的政治意愿已经消退。我们的城市可能正是或即将是社会灾难的舞台，但至少他们看起来似乎更好。
I choo the year 1972 not becau this is when Charles Jencks dates the symbolic shift from modernism to postmodernism in architecture and urban design. More significantly, 1972 was the last year of a postwar boom that had brought strong growth, significant gains in material living standards, relatively full employment and an expanding welfare state to most of the advanced capitalist world.
我之所以选择1972年，并不是因为是在这一年，查尔斯詹克斯确定了建筑和城市规划发展史上从现代主义到后现代主义的象征性转变，更重要的是因为，这是世界上最先进资本主义国家战后繁荣的最后一年，这一年出现了强劲的增长，物质水平的显著提高，比较充分的就业情况和福利范围不断扩大。
The recession of 1973-75 changed all that. It ushered in a difficult period of sluggish growth, high unemployment, diminishing real wages (offt by rising family incomes throu
gh increasing participation of women in the labour force), and widening disparities in the distribution of income. The restructuring of industry and commerce, through a combination of strong technological change and a revolution in telecommunications, generated marked shifts in the international division of labour. The increasing power of financial institutions, the ri of rvices and decline of manufacturing employment further confud matters.
1973到1975年间的经济衰退改变了这一情形。在这期间，经济增长缓慢，呈现出高失业率，实际工资下降（通过增加妇女参与劳动的方式以提高家庭收入才得以抵消差距），收入分配差距的扩大化等情况。工商业产业结构调整通过强大的技术变革与电讯革命的结合得以实现，结果导致了国际分工的显著变化。金融机构力量的增加，服务业越来越多的出现，制造业就业机会的降低，使现实的问题显得更加混乱。
Working-class power and institutions were put on the defensive. In the US, for example, President Nixon in 1973 declared that the urban crisis in the United States was over, thus signalling the first step in a progressive withdrawlal from state commitments to deal with problems of impoverishment and social deprivation.非洲年
草龟
工人阶级政权和机构都迫使采取守势。例如，在美国，尼克松总统于1973年宣布美国城市危机已经结束，从而标志着该国从此开始逐渐违背其所作的承诺，即处理社会贫困和供给不足问题。
戍守边关 While resistance varied throughout the capitalist world, the general trend this signalled was unmistakable. Expectations had to be revid downwards. New strategies for economic survival had to be found.
面对经济衰败，尽管资本主义世界内的抵制形式各有不同，但其显示出来的总体趋势是显而易见的。预期指数不得不被下调；需要发现新战略才得以在经济危机中生存。
九州海上牧云记结局 Capitalism radically changed its spots from 1973 onwards. Volatility and incurity, flexibility and mobility, replaced steady growth and planned development. The fate of individual cities depended on how they were situated in this maelstorm of change.
