Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing： There are three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing. They differ according to the cloness of your writing to the source writing.
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Quotations must be identical to the original. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
e.g. According to Kim (1999),“ The World Trade Organization still has many obstacles to overcome, particularly with regard to decision-making process”.
Students frequently overu direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overu quotations in the final [rearch] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing(抄写) of source materials while taking notes.
Lester, James D. Writing Rearch Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
In writing, when you restate the words of a source but basically u the same words, withou
t quotation marks, it is called reported speech.
If the quotation is in first person, in reported speech change it to third person.
If the reporting is about an event, change the ten to the past.
If the reporting is about an act or a feeling that doesn’t change, leave the ten in the prent.
Quoted speech: “I buy my automotive parts at Macy’s becau I trust the salespeople there. I like to tinker with automobiles. I drive a bus all day, but when I come home, I go right into the garage and start replacing parts on my car”---Oliver Bosworth
Reported speech: Oliver Bosworth, a regular Macy’s customer, said that he buys his automotive parts at Macy’s becau he trusts the salespeople there. He likes to tinker with automobiles. He drives a bus all day, but when he comes home, he goes right into the garage and starts replacing parts on his car
Information from a source can often be more clearly and simply stated in your own words. Restating information in your own words is called paraphrasing
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words.
A paraphra must also be attributed to the original source.
Paraphrad material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader gment of the source and condensing it slightly.
Students frequently overu direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overu quotations in the final [rearch] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.
Lester, James D. Writing Rearch Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.小熊头饰
A legitimate paraphra:
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In rearch papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is esntial to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
A plagiarized version: Students often u too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final rearch paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.
Students frequently overu direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overu quotations in the final [rearch] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.
基金科汇 Lester, James D. Writing Rearch Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from s
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ources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a rearch paper (Lester 46-47).
Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, the shortened passage retaining esntial information of the original.
Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source.
Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. the desired length--1/3 or 1/4→→much shorter
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1. should include main idea and supporting points
2. should indicate the relationships between main and supporting ideas
3. should following the same order as the original
4. should u your own words, clearly organized,
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