国际货币基金组织简介-——中英文对照
What is the IMF?
Founded in 1945, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a cooperative, intergovernmental, monetary and financial institution that eks to promote international monetary cooperation and currency exchange stability, foster economic growth and high levels of employment, and to provide balance-of-payments assistance. Its initial membership of 39 has grown to 184 as of the year 2002.
何为国际货币基金组织？
国际货币基金组织1945年成立，它是一个政府间的、合作性的货币和金融机构，目的是为了促进国际间的货币合作与汇率的稳定，鼓励经济发展，促进高度就业，同时提供国际收支的融通。它的创始会员国是39个，截至2002年，这一数字增加到184个。
Origins of the IMF
The need for an organization like the IMF became evident during the Great Depression that ravaged the world economy in the 1930s. The Depression was devastating to all forms of economic life.
30年代的那场大危机严重破坏了世界经济，也使得建立像国际货币基金这样一个组织的必要性变得十分明显。
The devastation was not merely confined to the visible economy. It was no less destructive of the invisible world of international finance and monetary exchange. A widespread lack of confidence in paper money led to an excessive demand for gold beyond what national treasuries could supply.
这次大危机的破坏并非仅限于实体经济，它对国际金融和货币兑换这些无形的体系也带来了同等程度的破坏。人们对纸币普遍缺乏信心，这导致对黄金的过度需求，而这一需求又是超出国家财政的供给能力的。
A number of nations, led by the United Kingdom, were subquently forced to abandon the gold standard, which, by defining the value of each currency in terms of a given amount of gold, had for years given money a known and stable value. Becau of uncertainty about the value of money that no longer bore a fixed relation to gold, exchanging money became very difficult between tho nations that remained on the gold standard and tho that did not. Nations hoarded gold and money that could be converted into gold, further contracting the amount and frequency of monetary transactions between nations, eliminating jobs, and lowering living standards. Furthermore, some go
vernments verely restricted the exchange of domestic for foreign money and even resorted to barter schemes that would eliminate the
u of money completely. Other governments, desperate to find foreign buyers for domestic agricultural products, made the products appear cheaper by lling their national money below its real value so as to undercut the trade of other nations lling the same products. This practice, known as competitive devaluation, merely evoked retaliation through similar devaluation by trading rivals. The relation between money and the value of goods became confud, as did the relation between the value of one national currency and another. Under the conditions the world economy languished. Between 1929 and 1932 prices of goods fell by 48 percent worldwide, and the value of international trade fell by 63 percent.
快乐早晨在金本位制下，每一种货币的价值均由其所含黄金的数量来决定，这样就给了每一种货币公认而稳定的价值。但是以英国为首的许多国家相继被迫放弃了多年来使用的金本位制，这使得货币不再与黄金保持一个固定的比价关系，从而产生了货币价值的不稳定性。货币汇兑在仍然实行金本位制的国家与那些不实行金本位制的国家之间变得非常困难。各个国家储藏黄金以及可以兑换成黄金的货币，进一步限制了国与国之间货币交易的数量和次数，就业减少，生活水平下降。更有甚者，一些政府严重地限制本币与外币的兑换，甚至求助于完全不用货币的易货贸易。另一些政府急于为本国的农产品找到
从的造句买家，于是它们便通过以低于实际价值的抛售本币的方法来降低这些产品的价格，从而削减了那些出售同类产品的国家的贸易量。这种被称作竞争性贬值的做法只不过是引得贸易对手国通过类似的贬值方法来进行报复。货币和商品价值之间的关系变得混乱；一国货币与另一国货币之间的价值关系亦是如此。在这样的条件下，世界经济大大衰退。在1929年到1932年间，世界范围内的商品价格下跌了48%，国际贸易额下降了63%。
Several international conferences convened during the 1930s to address world monetary problems ended in failure. Partial and tentative solutions were clearly inadequate. What was required was cooperation on a previously unattempted scale by all nations in establishing an innovative monetary system and an international institution to monitor it. Fortunately, in a happy coincidence, two bold and original thinkers, Harry Dexter White in the United States and John Maynard Keynes in the United Kingdom, put forward almost simultaneously in the early 1940s proposals for just such a system, to be supervid not by occasional international meetings but by a permanent cooperative organization. The system, reacting to the needs of the times, would encourage the unrestricted conversion of one currency into another, establish a clear and unequivocal value for each currency, and eliminate restrictions and practices, such as competitive devaluations, that had brought investment and trade to a virtual standstill during the 1930s. After much negotiation under difficult wa
rtime conditions, the international community accepted the system and an organization to supervi it. Final negotiations for establishing the International Monetary Fund took place among the delegates of 44 nations gathered at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, U.S.A. in July 1944. The IMF began operations in Washington, D.C. in May 1946 with initially 39 members.
在30年代召开的几次针对世界货币问题的国际会议均以失败而告终。片面的或是临时性的解决办法显然是不充分的。各国需要在一个前所未有的规模上进行合作，建立起一个创新的货币体系和一个监督其运营的国际性机构。幸运而又巧合的是，两位大胆而又富有创造力的思想家，美国的哈里o德克斯特o怀特和英国的约翰o梅纳德o凯恩斯，在40年代初几乎同时提出了关于建立这样一个体系的设想，该体系不是通过临时的国际会议而是由一个永久的合作组织来进行管理。这一顺应时势的体系，将鼓励货币之间的无限制兑换，为每一种货币确定一个明确的价值，取消各种限制和一些习惯性做法，如竞争性贬值，这些做法在30年代曾使投资和贸易陷于停滞。在艰苦的战时条件下，经过多次谈判，国际社会接受了这一体系
以及一个管理它的组织。来自44个国家的代表于1944年7月会聚美国新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林进行关于建立国际货币基金组织的最后谈判。国际货币基金组织于1946年5月在美国首都华盛顿开始运作，当时的成员国数量为39。
巧克力奶油蛋糕Purpos of the IMF
国际货币基金组织的宗旨
1. To promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems.
悬疑小说
通过设置这一常设机构就国际货币问题进行磋商与协作，从而促进国际货币领域的合作。
2. To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to the development of the productive resources of all members as primary objectives of economic policy.
促进国际贸易的拓展以及平衡发展，从而帮助提高与保持高水平的就业和实际收入；协助各成员国开发生产性资源，并以这些作为各国经济政策的首要目标。
3. To promote exchange stability, to maintain orderly exchange arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation.
促进汇率的稳定，保持成员国之间有秩序的汇兑安排，避免竞争性通货贬值
宝宝出生祝福语4. To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments in respect of current transactio
ns between members and in the elimination of foreign exchange restrictions which hamper the growth of world trade.
协助在成员国之间建立经常性交易的多边支付体系，取消阻碍国际贸易发展的外汇限制
5. To give confidence to members by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to them under adequate safeguards, thus providing them with opportunity to correct maladjustments in their balance of payments without resorting to measures destructive of national or international prosperity.
在具有充分保障的前提下，向成员国提供暂时性融通资金，以增强其信心，使其有机会在无需采取有损本国和国际繁荣的措施的情况下，纠正国际收支失衡
痔疮怎么办
6. In accordance with the above, to shorten the duration and lesn the degree of diquilibrium in the international balances of payments of members.弘扬长征精神
6月9日是什么星座
根据上述宗旨，缩短成员国国际收支失衡的时间，减轻其失衡的程度。
The Fund shall be guided in all its policies and decisions by the purpos t forth in this Article.
基金组织的一切政策和决策都将依据《国际货币基金协定》中所提出的上述宗旨来进行指导。
外经贸部交际司翻译处
