2001年考研英语试题及参考答案(1)
Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following ntences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Choo the one that best completes the ntence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times _________ 1979.
［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］since
The ntence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choo ［D］.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［C］［■］
1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _________ my head in my hands for a cry.
［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury
2.Good news was sometimes relead prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced
3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itlf apparent, so one _________ wait instead of arching for it.
［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best
4.She felt suitably humble just as she _________ when he had first taken a good look at her city lf, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.兴多音字
［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have and ［D］has had
5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
［A］ being resigned ［B］having resigned
［C］going to resign ［D］resign
6.So involved with their computers _________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
［A］became the children ［B］become the children
［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become
7.The individual TV viewer invariably ns that he or she is _________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diver audience.
［A］everything except ［B］anything but
［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than
8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.
［A］By ［B］In ［C］For ［D］With
9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itlf.
［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what
10.Church as we u the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］are
Section B
Directions:
Beneath each of the following ntences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Choo the one that best completes the ntence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _________ in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The ntence should read. "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." There fore, you should choo ［C］.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［■］［D］
11.He is too young to be able to _________ between right and wrong.
［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disper ［D］disregard
将来完成时12.It was no _________ that his car was en near the bank at the time of the robbery.
［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication
13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully
14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but ems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.
［A］critical about［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to［D］subject to
15.The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
［A］compelled ［B］pod ［C］presd ［D］tempted
16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with
_________,
相见时难别亦难东风无力百花残［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by nature
17.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _________ and lack of unity in style.
［A］conflict ［B］confrontation［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony
18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________.
［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished
19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offt ［D］oppress
20.Becau of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _________.
［A］firm ［B］coMPAny ［C］corporation ［D］enterpri
21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _________.
［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign
22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _________ at a garage sale.
［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through［C］stumbled upon［D］thirsted for
23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common cond language could _________.
［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress
24.Equipment not _________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with
［C］predominant over ［D］providing for
25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social iMPAct by 2020.
［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive
26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective natio
nal government while prerving _________ for the states and liberty for individuals.
［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stabilit
27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _________ as microorganisms.
［A］precily ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively
28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _________, particularly in Western Europe.
［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping
29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the univer, it is just _________ and needs proving.
［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical
30.The future of this coMPAny is _________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-bad business.
［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stake根田鼠
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test 凉拌红萝卜丝
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］. Choo the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witness by newspapers eking to buy up people involved in prominent cas 31 the trial of Romary West.
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propo making payments to witness 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a ca 36 a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the Hou of Commons media lect committee. Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that lf regulation did not 38 sufficient control.
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caud a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themlves and their families.
"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.
Witness payments became an 47 after West was ntenced to 10 life ntences in 1995. Up to 19 witness were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raid 49 witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.
31．［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular［D］such as
32．［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening
33．［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft
34．［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper
35．［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity
36．［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as
37．［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed
38．［A］prent ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate
39．［A］Relea ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure
40．［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash
41．［A］translation ［B］interpretation［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration
42．［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than早发白帝城唐诗
43．［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］ts ［D］turns
44．［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining
45．［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified
46．［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by
47．［A］iMPAct ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue
48．［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told
49．［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that
50．［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guarantee
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choo the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
Passage 1
Specialization can be en as a respon to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and u it as the basis for further rearch. But specialization was only one of a ries of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
描写星空的古诗No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the ninete
enth century, with its conquent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in tho areas of science bad especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A coMPArison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of rearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable rearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies reprented worthwhile rearch in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporatel, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by veral local geological jou
rnals in the twentieth century. As a logical conquence of this development, parate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full conquences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
51．The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly en in sciences such as _________.
［A］sociology and chemistry
［B］physics and psychology
［C］sociology and psychology
书法对联
［D］physics and chemistry
52．We can infer from the passage that _________.
［A］ there is little distinction between specialization and
professionalisation
［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53．The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _________.
［A］the process of specialization and professionalisation
［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
［C］the change of policies in scientific publications
［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54．The direct reason for specialization is _________.
［A］the development in communication
［B］the growth of professionalisation
［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge
［D］the splitting up of academic societies
