●被动语态的形式
A 把主动态动词变成被动态,是把助动词be变为主动态动词原来的时态,再加上主要动词的过去分词;主动态动词的主语这时变为被动态动词的施动者;这个施动者常常不被提到;若要提到,可置于by之后或放在从句的后面：
This tree was planted by my grandfather．
B
| 主动词 | 被动词 |
如何使用微波炉一般现在时 | keeps | Is kept |
现在进行时 | Is keeping | Is being kept |
一般过去时 | kept | Was kept |
过去进行时 | Was keeping | Was being kept |
现在完成时 | Has kept | Has been kept |
过去完成时 | Had kept | Had been kept |
一般将来时 | Will keep | Will be kept |
条件语气 | Would keep | Would be kept |
条件语气完成时 | Would have kept | Would have been kept |
不定式 | To keep | To be kept |
不定式完成式 | To have kept | To have been kept |
现在分词/动名词 | Keeping | Being kept |
分词完成式 | Having kept | 离职单To have been kept |
| | |
We keep the butter here．
The butter is kept here．
C 各个进行时态的被动态要求用be的进行式加上主要动词的过去分词,be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用：
They are repairing the bridge．
The bridge is being repaired．
在被动句中,除现在及过去进行时外,其他进行进态用得非常少;因此像下列这类句子通常不能用被动态：
They have/had been repairing the road．
They will/would be repairing the road．
D 助动词+动词原形结构可借助于被动式来构成被动语态：
You must/should shut the doors．
The doors must/should be shut．
E
表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+ 不定式,由不定式的被动式构成其被动语态：电能计量装置
He wants someone to take photographs．
He wants photographs to be taken．
表示命令/请求/劝告/邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式,可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态：
He invited me to go．
I was invited to go．
但是,如是advi/beg/order/recommend/urge+间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构,则可构成两种
被动语态：或如上所述将主要动词变为被动语态,或用advi等+that… should+被动式：
He urged the Council to reduce the rates．
The Council was/were urged to reduce the rates．
照例He urged that the rates should be reduced．
至于 agree/be anxious/arrange/be determined/determine/decide/demand+不定式+宾语,则通常用that… should结构来表示被动语态,与上面所述的第二种方式相同：
He decided to ll the hou．
He decided that the hou should be sold．
F 动名词结构
如是 advi/insist/propo/recommend/suggest+动名词+宾语结构,通常由that…should结构来表示被动语态,与上面所述相同：
He recommended using bullet-proof glass．
He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be ud．
G动名词结构
如是it/they+need+动名词结构,也可用it/they+need+被动式结构来表示,两种结构在意思上都是被动语态;其他动名词结构的被动态由动名词的被动式来表示：
I remember them taking me to the Zoo．
I remember being taken to the Zoo．
●
1．当不知道动作的执行者时
Printing was introduced into Europe from china.
Look There’s nothing here. Everything has been taken away.
2．当不必提出动作的执行者时
I was born in 1960.
Such things are not done twice.
3．当强调或侧重动作的承受者时
She is liked by everybody.
A good time was had by all.
4．当我们出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时
Where can you be reached 耳濡目染什么意思
You’ll be contacted.
5．当出于行文的需要时
Jack fought Michael in the men’s singles and was beaten.
He visited china’s northeastern provinces in 1935. Tho provinces were being overrun by the Japane invaders.
●被动结构与被动意义的问题
★英汉被动意义表示法比较
1．英汉被动句型类似的说法,“据说,据估计、报道,众所周知,必须指出”等
据说工人们对他都很同情;
It is said that the workers all regarded him with sympathy.
潘先生据说是个走私者;
Mr. Pan is said to be a smuggler.
2．汉语有一种不出现主语的句子,英语通常用被动结构表达
A spy was caught yesterday.
职业道德的特点昨天抓到了一个特务;
3．汉语和英语都有以主动结构表示被动意义的情况
这种料子容易销售;
This kind of material lls well.
4．有时汉语能用主动结构表示被动意义,英语却只能用被动结构
Your letter ahs been received.
你的来信已经收到;
★
有些动词既是急务动词,也是不及物动词,当它们做不及物动词的时候,往往含有被动意义;通常有两种情况;
一，这类动词的进行体主要是现在进行体表示被动意义,这种句子的主语通常都是指物的,而
且可以转换为相应的被动结构;
The hou is building
=The hou is being built.
The cakes are baking.
=the cakes are being baked.
二，这类动词最常用是一般现在时表示被动意义,这类动词的主语也是指物的居多通常具有某些内在的特征,能促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现;
1．某些系动词,smell, taste, sound, prove, feel
The flowers smell sweet.
The food tastes nice.
唐宋八大家之一
That sounds nice.
The story proved quite fal.
2．某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词,如move, lock, shut,open
It cant’ move.
The door won’t shut.
3．某些可和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, photograph
The cloth washes well.
The poem reads smoothly.
The box doesn’t clean easily.
This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.
虚心的反义词是什么4．某些可用于“主+谓+补”结构中的不及物动词,如wear, blow 等
This material has worn thin.
The door blew open.
Corn is lling briskly.
比较 The door opened.
The door has opened.
★
被动形式表示主动意义,如 be determined, be plead, be graduated from, be prepared for, be occupied in, get married等;例如：
He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学;
注意：表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可;例如：
He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了;
He got married to a rich girl.
