⽤批判性思维彻底搞定剑桥雅思TOP20最难阅读⽂章和快速解题第三
篇“EffectsofNoi”
野生猫科动物雅思阅读是四科⾥边最容易提分的⼀科，也是雅思是否能到8分的关键。CT雅思独家教材《⽤批判性思维Critical Thinking打通剑桥雅思最难TOP20篇⽂章》，《雅思阅读核⼼解题技巧》；在当下的雅思考试，只有真正解决雅思阅读问题才是解决雅思总分的根本正道，看不懂雅思阅读就等于考试彻底失败。不解决快速阅读，就⽆法解决听⼒长⽂章，写作⽤词不地道等其他项。雅思阅读是前提。
剑桥雅思7 test4 passage3：Effects of Noi
In general（批判性思维预见）, it is plausible（貌似真实的）to suppo that we should prefer peace and quiet to noi. Andyet（CT思维，⽤yesy转折引出在⼭区睡觉会因为太安静⽽难以⼊睡）most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside becau it was initially ‘too quiet', an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noi levels. Rearch supports this view. For example,（后⾯举的例⼦是证明前⽂的观点的）Glass and Singer (1972) expod people to short bursts of very loud noi and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noi. The noi was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as con
trol subjects who were not expod to noi. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as tho of the control subjects.（⽤⼀个对⽐，证明本段观点⼈们会适应噪⾳）
But（CT思维，⽤⼀个but开头，说明本段内容与上⽂的观点会发⽣冲突，后⽂翻译也确实如此：如果要求实验对象同时专注⼏项任务时，对噪⾳的适应能⼒就会达到极限，也会让⼈更⼼烦意乱）there are limits to adaptation and loud noi becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example（举例正⾯本⽂开头的观点）, high noi levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of an aero plane pilot or an air-traffic controller (Broadbent, 1957). Similarly, noi did not affect a subject's ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but（CT思维，前后必然发⽣观点的转折）it did interfere with the subject's ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelman and Glass, 1970).
Probably the most significant finding from rearch on noi is that its predict ability is more important than how loud it is.（中⼼句）We are much more able to ‘tune out' chronic background noi, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected intrusions of noi. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were expod to bursts of noi as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts
were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noi); others heard the same amount of noi overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noi). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noi equally annoying（两种⼈的对⽐，题⽬中32题可发现空格前后两类⼈，中间应填对⽐关系）, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noi portion of the experiment. But the different noi conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noi. As shown in Table 1 the unpredictable noi produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noi; and soft, unpredictable noi actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud, predictable noi.
单身生育Unpredictable NoiPredictable NoiAverage
Loud noi40.131.835.9
Soft noi36.727.432.1
Average38.429.6
九年级化学上册Table 1: Proofreading Errors and Noi
Apparently（明显总结词汇，紧跟着就会有该实验的最终结论）, unpredictable noi produces more fatigue than predictable noi, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
Predictability is not the only variable that reduces or eliminates the negative effects of noi. Another is control. If the individual knows that he or she can control the noi, this ems to eliminate both its negative effects at the time and its after-effects. This is true even if the individual never actually exercis his or her option to turn the noi off (Glass and Singer, 1972). Just the knowledge that one has control is sufficient.
The studies discusd so far expod people to noi for only short periods and only transient effects were studied. But the major worry about noisy environments is that living day after day with chronic noi may produce rious, lasting effects. One study, suggesting that this worry is a realistic one, compared elementary school pupils who attended schools near Los Angeles's busiest airport with students who attended schools in quiet neighbourhoods (Cohen et al., 1980). It was found thatchildren from the noisy schools had higher blood pressure and were more easily distracted than tho who attended the quiet schools. Moreover, there was no evidence of adaptability to the noi. In fact, the longer the children had attended the noisy schools, the more distractible they became. The effects also em to be long lasting.A follow-up study showed thatchildren who were moved to l
ess noisy classrooms still showed greater distractibility one year later than students who had always been in the quiet schools (Cohen et al, 1981).（另外⼀项跟踪研究表明，和那些⼀直在安静学校上学的孩⼦相⽐，即使喧闹学校的孩⼦们搬到安静⼀些的学校待上⼀年以后，他们还是难以集中注意⼒）It should be noted that the two groups of children had been carefully matched by the investigators so that they were comparable in age, ethnicity, race, and social class.（最后⼀段的思路以“one study 和a follow-up study”分成两部分，这两点都是噪⾳带来的两个⽅⾯的结果）
Question 27-29
Choo the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.
27.The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountainsbecau D
A. humans do not prefer peace and quiet to noi.
B. they may be expod to short bursts of very strange sounds.
C. humans prefer to hear a certain amount of noi while they sleep.
资源配置效率D. they may have adapted to a higher noi level in the city.
dnf补丁放在哪个文件夹开头第⼀段就提到了sleep in the mountains这个例⼦，回归原⽂，ABC项均未提及，只有D项中adapt可以与原⽂中的adjust对应，因为城市噪⾳较⼤，所以在⼭⾥睡觉时需要调节适应。
28.In noi experiments, Glass and Singer（⼈名⽅便定位） found that C
A. problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.
B. physiological arousal prevents the ability to work.
C. bursts of noi do not riously disrupt problem-solving in the long term.
D. the physiological arousal of control subjects declined quickly.
第⼀段最后两句：起初，噪⾳让⼈⼼烦意乱。但在⼤约四分钟后，被研究者就能像那些未处于噪⾳之中的对照实验组⼀样很好地⼯作。他们的⽣理反应也迅速的消退到与对照实验组相当的⽔平。
29.Rearchers discovered that high noi levelsare not likely to interfere with the A
A. successful performance of a single task.
B. tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers.
B. tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers.
C. ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines.
D. ability to monitor three dials at once.
For example开始举例⼦，那例⼦就是为了证明for example之前的观点，所以应该去前⽂找中⼼句：噪⾳⼲扰同时专注多项任务的⼈。那么A的意思是单⼀任务不会被⼲扰，就是正确选项。
Question 30-34
Complete the summary using the list of words and phras,A-J, below.
理念识别系统
Drag the correct letter, A-J, into boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.
NB You may u any letter more than once.
Glass and Singer（⼈名⽐较容易定位） (1972) showed that situations in which there isinten noihave less effect on performance than circumstances in which 30 Bnoi（需要填修饰noi的词
汇，所以答案局限于BCDGJ，⼜要与inten的意思相反） occurs. Subjects were divided into groups to perform a task. Some heard loud bursts（原⽂出现若⼲次，定位⽐较容易，第3段第4句，“the burst were…”）of noi, others soft. For some subjects, the noi was predictable, while for others its occurrence was random. All groups were expod to 31 Dnoi. The predictable noi group 32Fthe unpredictable noi group on this task.
In the cond part of the experiment, the four groups were given a proofreading task to complete under conditions of no noi. They were required to check writtenmaterial for errors.The groupwhich had been expod to unpredictable noi 33 Ithe group（the group之间的对⽐）which had been expod to predictable noi. The group which had been expod to loud predictable noi performed better than tho who had heard soft, unpredictable bursts. The results（表结果，在原⽂中对应实验结果）suggest that 34 Bnoi produces fatigue but that this manifests itlf later.
A. no control over
合肥市社保
B. unexpected
C. inten
D. the same amount of
E. performed better than
F. performed at about the same level as
G. no
H. showed more irritation than
I. made more mistakes than(第三段produce more errors).
J. different types of
Question 35-40
Look at the following statements (Questions 35-40) and the list of rearchers below.
岁月如歌作文Match each statement with the correct rearcher(s), A-E.
Drag the correct letter, A-E, into boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet.
NB You may u any letter more than once.
35 Subjects expod to noi find it difficult at first（⼀开始的态度如何，对应到原⽂中第⼀段第⼆句，起初，噪⾳让⼈⼼烦意乱，是对difficult的细化）to concentrate on problem-solving tasks. A
36 Long-term exposure to noi can produce changes in behaviour which can still be obrved a year later. D
37 The problems associated with exposure to noi do not ari if the subject knows they can make it stop（对应⽂章第5段第⼆第三句）.A
38 Exposure to high-pitched noi results in more errors than exposure to low-pitched noi. E
39 Subjects find it difficult to perform three tasks at the same time（与第⼆段第2句“monitor three dials at a time”同义转换） when expod to noi. B
40 Noi affects a subject's capacity torepeat numbers（第⼆段末句原词重现） while carrying out another task(原⽂中tracking⼀词的同义转化). C
List of Rearchers
A. Glass and Singer
B. Broadbent
C. Finkelman and Glass
D. Cohen et al.
E. None of the above
CT雅思考前单项培训班
