课时13阅读理解体裁解读(4)
—科普小品文【体裁解读】
科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力，阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息，学会展开科技活动。科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式，偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品，会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。在科技篇章中，由于科学的严谨性，语句通常都比较严谨，表述直接明确，与其他类型篇章相比，被动语态、非谓语动词形式、形式主语结构使用相对较多，动词时态变化、比喻夸张等修辞形式使用相对较少，有时会有很多专业词语和语句形式，有些常用词可能用于表达专业意义。
科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。对科技篇章，同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。
科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，考生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到)，作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。
体裁演练
California Condor's Shocking Recovery
1211灭火器是什么灭火器California condor
California condors are North America's largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning (铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue the big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred (繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don't e the power lines，”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.怎么好怀孕
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced, 66% of tfree birds died of electrocution.This has now
dropped to 18%.
Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney (肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are nt to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over veral days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although the measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now，” he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”有机可乘的意思
1．California condors attract rearchers' interest becau they ________.
A．are active at night
B．had to be bred in the wild
C．are found only in California
D．almost died out in the 1980s
体育节作文
2．Rearchers have found electrical lines are ________.
A．blocking condors' journey home
B．big killers of California condors
C．rest places for condors at night
D．ud to keep condors away
3．According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning ________.
A．makes condors too nervous to fly
B．has little effect on condors' kidneys
C．can hardly be gotten rid of from condors' blood
D．makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds
十二指肠溃疡症状
4．This passage shows that ________.
A．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B．Rideout's rearch interest lies in electric engineering
C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D．rearchers have found the final answers to the problem
【能力提升】
A
Back in 1969, it was the Apollo 11 crew who flew to the moon in a spaceship.When U．S.astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped foot on the moon, they were the first.Meanwhile, their fellow astronaut Michael Collins circled the moon in their spaceship, named Columbia.
When Armstrong and Aldrin were done with their walk，they returned to the command module, and back to Earth.That part of the spaceship is on view at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Mus
eum in Washington，D.C.But, if you cannot get to Washington, soon you will be able to e Columbia on your computer or your smartphone.
Digital scientists are scanning the inside of Columbia. They are creating an online model, in three dimensions, or“3D”. By looking at the photographs, you will be able to e outer space, the way the astronauts did. It will be like sitting in their ats.
关于钱塘江的诗句
Want your very own Columbia？You will be able to print a 3D copy of Columbia.Experts say anyone can make a life-sized model.But they expect most people to make smaller models of the 320×400 cm(11*×13*)command module.
注册环保工程师报名条件Scientists are using special 3D technology to scan the inside.They u cameras on long arms to take the photographs.The thousands of photographs taken will be combined with 50 lar scans.
What would it be like to sit inside Columbia and take a look around？All the images will be loaded into software that allows you to look around the module on a computer screen.The ur will be able to e the Columbia both inside and out.The Smithsonian says that the 3D technology gives the ur ways to e things they cannot e at the muum.And it will give information that even the muum curators(馆长)have not en before.
“With the command Module, no one has been inside since it came into the collection，”says Adam Metallo, Smithsonian 3D imaging specialist. “Now the information we capture can give anyone in the world a view of what it looks like inside this incredible piece of history.”
1．The author mentions moon landing of the Apollo 11 to ________.
A．introduce the topic
B．honour the astronauts
C．mark the milestone event
D．draw attention to space rearch
2．According to the text, people ________.
A．are advid to make a life-sized model
B．can clone a Columbia with 3D technology
C．will visit a copy of Columbia in the muum
D．can buy a copied Columbia in the muum
3．What's the advantage of a copied Columbia?
A．It can attract more visitors.
B．It can help look far into the univer.
C．It makes 3D technology more popular.
D．It provides more knowledge than the muum.
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Columbia lands in your smartphone
B．3D technology, the new way to explore space
C．Landing on the moon, a milestone in space travel
D．An online model shows you how to land on the moon
B
Dan Bebber is a nior rearch fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says rearch has shown that wild plants and animals are moving toward Earth’s North and South poles as the planet warms.
Mr. Bebber wanted to know if the same thing was happening with organisms (微生物) that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new incts and dias around the world. The records came from CABI －the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting information from developing and industrialized countries years ago.
Dan Bebber and his rearch team studied 612 different organisms －from virus and bacteria to incts like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and dias have been moving toward the poles at an average rate of about 3 kilometers each year. Mr Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger.
“As new species of pests and dias evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more amenable at higher altitudes, the pressure on the breadbasket of the world is going to increa.”
Farmers face other threats. Invasive species pasd through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joph in Ohio. He specialis in the study of incts. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species.
“It means that species in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America.”
Another entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of the changes will depend very much on the crop, the inct and the dia. But he says the rearch is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it.
5．The purpo of Dan Bebber's rearch was to find ________.
A．if farmland could be moved to colder places thanks to global warming
B．if dias and incts harmful to crops were going towards colder areas
C．if organisms were moving to the north and south poles
D．if the number of crop pests was increasing
6．According to Dan Bebber, if crop pests keep moving towards the poles, ________.
A．it will be hard for farmers to kill them
B．the most productive farmland will produce more crops
C．the earth will not produce enough food to support the world
D．the conditions for some crops may be improved
7．Which of the following is not a threat that farmers have to face?
A．Climate change makes crop pests to adapt to a new environment.
B．Foreign species are brought in by trade.
C．Invasive species doing well in warmer places might do well in America.
D．The impacts of the climate and species changes on crops are not easy to determine.
C
Wolves are in the news the days, especially with the controversial Alaskan_Wolf_Hunting_Festival being a focus of public attention. Since the animals are getting more attention in the outer world, they may be more likely to show up in your_inner_world and may take on many forms and have many meanings.
Wolves live in a pack(狼群)and they have a leader, a guide who is responsible for directing the pack and keeping it safe. If a wolf appears in your dream and you have a positive relationship with the wolf, it may suggest your own leadership abilities. Wolves in dreams may also mean the need for trusting your own internal leader－the soft howl from the bottom of your own heart.
4p经历
While wolves certainly do howl, it is till unknown why they howl at the moon. The wolf's howl is actually a form of communication. Wolves may howl as a form of making friends, or as a warning, or to indicate that they are lonely or need help. Is your dream wolf howling? If so, what emotions exist in the dream? Do you feel lost and in need of guidance, do you feel like you've lost your “pack”？Do you feel the need to let others know they are crossing your land? Or are you simply filled with a n of joy that can only be expresd in a howl?
Wolves can be experienced hunters, and often appear in folk stories as something harmless when in
fact it is there to do great harm. Are there any wolves in sheep's clothing in your life? Often we have intuition(直觉)about people or situations, feelings that the people or situations should be avoided, but we ignore them bad on their harmless outer appearance. Wolves in dreams could be signs that there are hidden dangers in your life. Never ignore your intuition becau it doesn't make any n. Your intuition exists to guide and protect you and it can
