学历史英语中however的⽤法
however 常⽤于表⽰转折或对⽐，译为“然⽽”、“可是”，“不过”，“仍然”等时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词⼀样不仅能位于句⾸，⽽且能位于句中，甚⾄句末，相当于 nevertheless 或 despite this.
⼀、however 可以置于句⾸，以逗号隔开，译为“然⽽、可是、仍然”等，例如：
整改要求He was feeling very ill. However, he went to school.
他感到很不舒服。但他仍然去上学了。
She is the best student in school. However, she doesn’t do homeworks on time.
她是学校⾥最好的学⽣。可是她没有按时做家庭作业。
⼆、however 还可以出现在主语或 be 动词之后，或实义动词之前，前后以逗号隔开，例如：Many problems, however, escape detection.
然⽽许多问题却未被察觉。
We had a small drop in sales last month. We are, however, still above the plan.
上个⽉我们的销售额略有下降。然⽽，我们仍⾼于计划。
They do, however, share a mutual interest in design.
不过他们确实都对设计感兴趣。
三、当 however ⽤于连接两个独⽴的句⼦，应在 however 前⾯加分号“;”，或另起新句，例如：
I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你⼀块⼉去，可是我忙不过来。
解析：此句等于 I'd like to go with you. However, my hands are full.
It’s raining hard; however, I think we should go out.
⾬下得很⼤，但我想我们还得出去。
解析：此句等于 It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out.
四、在⾮正式写作中，however 还可以放在句尾，前⾯以逗号隔开，例如：
Laptop sales surpasd tablet sales in the last year. Mobile phones still remain the highest lling gadget, however.
银行员工入党申请书去年，笔记本电脑的销量超过了平板电脑。然⽽，⼿机仍然是最畅销的电⼦产品。
五、虽然 however 可以以特殊的⽅式连接两个独⽴的句⼦，但不能被当作连词⽤，例如：
欢快纯音乐I was offered a promotion at the end of March, however I turned it down. I didn’t want the extra responsibility for a small pay increa.
三⽉底有⼈给我升职，但我拒绝了。我不想因为⼀点点加薪⽽承担额外的责任。
解析：以上不能⽤ however，此时只能⽤ but，正确的是：
I was offered a promotion at the end of March, but I turned it down. I didn’t want the extra responsibility for a small pay increa.
三⽉底有⼈给我升职，但我拒绝了。我不想因为⼀点点加薪⽽承担额外的责任。姑嫂相处忌讳
We invited 100 customers to the prentation however only about 50 came.
我们邀请了100位顾客来参加演⽰，但只有⼤约50位顾客来了。
解析：以上不能⽤ however，此时只能⽤ but 或 however 特殊的连接独⽴句⼦的⽅式。六、however 与副词或形容词连⽤，译为“⽆论到什么程度，不管多么”，例如：
1. however good/well/bad/badly/hard 等
She would still love him however badly he behaved.
不管他⾏为多么恶劣，她仍然爱他。
If you take money from the fund, however small the amount, you must record it in this book.如果你从基⾦⾥取钱，不管数额多⼩，你必须把它记在这本书⾥。
However carefully I explained, she still didn't understand.
⽆论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。
2. however much/many
We’re determined to have a wonderful holiday, however much it costs.彩泥手工制作大全
不管花多少钱，我们决⼼过⼀个愉快的假期。
笔记本电脑没声音
However many times you explain things, you can never get him to understand.
不管你解释了多少次，你永远⽆法让他明⽩。
3. however long something takes
神奇公式We are determined to solve this problem, however long it takes.
不管需要多长时间，我们决⼼解决这个问题。
七、however 译为”不管怎样，⽆论如何“，例如：
We let the kids decorate their rooms however they want to.
我们让孩⼦们随⼼所欲地装饰他们的房间。
However you look at it, this is very worrying news.
不管你怎么看，这是⼀个⾮常令⼈担忧的消息。
