Combination(合译法)
所谓合译法,是指把原文中两个或两个以上的词合译成一个词,将两个或两个以上的简单句合译为一个句子,或将一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。英汉两种语言在句法结构上存在很大差异。英语重“形合”,连接词较为发达,句子结构层层包孕,句子在空间上呈大树型结构,长句较多。汉语重“意合”3g网,句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词,积词成句,积句成章,流水句较多,呈线性排列,一句接一句,短句较多,句子结构呈竹竿型分布。另外,英语的后置修饰语有时很长,而汉语的修饰语一般前置,不宜过长。因此,为了符合汉语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达原文意思,在翻译时需要对原来的句子结构进行调整,即适当改变原文结构。与分译法把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来,译成一个独立分句相反,合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起,用一个单句来表达,使其更符合汉语的表达方法。由于英语句子一般比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多,但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并,故合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译,特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候,汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词,或重复使用某一代词作主语,在这种情况下,往往将原文数句合译为一句。
Combination in E-C Translation (合译法在英译汉中的应用)
糊涂的反义词A.Words (词的合译)
This technique is ud to integrate two words of clo meaning into one expression.
词的合译是指把两个或两个以上的同义词合译成一个词,使译文清楚整齐。
Examples:
1. You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square?
译文:你们出钱,我们出人,这难道还不公平吗?
2. His father is a man who forgives and forgets.
译文:他的父亲非常宽容。 强能组什么词
3. Her son was wi and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.
译文:她的儿子非常聪明,可女儿却很笨。低碳生活手抄报内容
4. He suffered aches and pains.
译文:他遭受百般疼痛。
5. He is a man of culture and learning.
译文:他是个很有学问的人。
Try to translate:
1. He was kindly, generous and obliging.
2. He was jealous and envious of his brother. He rented that his younger brother was so successful.
参考译文:
1. 他乐善好施。
2. 他嫉妒他弟弟,痛恨弟弟取得了这么大的成功。
B.Phras (固定词组的合译)
英语和汉语各自有一套独特的语言表达系统。在英语中,词的粘合力和搭配力较强,一个动词往往可以同多个名词或多个介词搭配,一个介词也往往与多个名词搭配,构成不同的动词短语和介词短语,在翻译时,无需逐词译出,可考虑用汉语的固定搭配,或者四字结构、四字成语去翻译,这样译文会更流畅,更符合汉语的行为习惯。
Examples:
1.All the ones we have en here have four-star abilities with five-star ambitions.
译文:我们在此看到的所有人都是些眼高手低之辈。
2.He threw on a coat and left home in a hurry.
译文:他套上一件衣服,匆匆忙忙地离开了家里。
3.I was examined and re-examined.
译文:我受到再三诘问。
4.Kino hurrying towards his hou, felt a surge of exhilaration.
译文:基洛加快步伐,兴致勃勃地朝自己家走去。
5. The sooner he changes his mind,the better for him.
译文:还是越早叫他回心转意越好些。
Try to translate:
1. He likes to make lengthy speech.
2. It’s obvious that she is the one who stands out from the rest.
参考译文:
1. 他发言喜欢长篇大论。
2. 很明显,她就是出类拔萃的那一个。
C.Idioms and slangs(习语、谚语和俚语的合译)
Examples:
1.To be mindful of personal gains and loss
译文:患得患失
2.To be on thin ice
译文:如履薄冰
3.To be wild with joy
译文:欣喜若狂
4.Beyond cure
译文:不可救药
5.To blow one’s own horn
译文:自吹自擂
Try to translate:
1. To call white black
2. As easy as turning over one’s hand
3. To fish in troubled waters
参考译文:
1. 颠倒黑白
2. 易如反掌
3. 小儿体重浑水摸鱼
第三次英文
D.Simple Sentences (简单句的合译)
在英译汉中,有时会把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子,这样能使译文更为简洁明了.
Examples:
1. He has been ill for many years. He died in loneliness finally.
译文:他病了很多年。他最终在孤独中死去。
(√) 他生病多年后孤独的死去。
2. The river is very wide. One cannot e the opposite bank.
译文:那条河很宽。一个人看不到对岸。
(√)申报税 河宽得看不到对岸。
3. He came back to his hometown. He has left it for quite many years.
译文:他回到了他的故乡。他离开它已经很多年了。
(√)他回到了阔别已久的故乡。
4. He was very stupid. He even didn’t know how to do the simple counting.
译文:他很笨。他甚至不懂做简单的算数。
(√)他笨得连简单的算数都不会。
5. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.
译文:这里这些人都是从全国各地来的。他们当中很多人是从南方来的。
(√)从全国各地来的这些人中有很多是南方人。
Try to translate:
1. He took out a match and lit the candle. A light lit up the darkness.
2. She wasn’t really listening. She was thinking about something el.
3. We are all alike. We all have families.
参考译文:
1. 他掏出火柴,点燃蜡烛,照亮黑暗。
2. 她没有真的在听,而在想着别的什么事情。
3. 我们同样都有家。
D.Compound Sentences (并列复合句的合译)
英译汉中有时候可以将一个并列句合并成一个单独的句子。
Examples:
腹肌锻炼
1.In 1844 Engles met Marx, and they became friends.
译文:1844年恩格斯遇见马克思,然后他们成为了朋友。
(√) 1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。
2. The river ran down to Pisa from Florence, and then it reached the a.
译文:那条河从佛罗伦萨流到比萨,然后到达大海。
(√)那条河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。
3. It was in mid-August, and the repair ction operated under the blazing sun.
译文:时间是八月中旬,维修人员在烈日下工作。
(√)八月中旬,维修人员在烈日下工作。
4. Mark wasn’t able to escape from the fire. Neither were the children.
译文:马克没能从火里逃生。孩子们也没能逃生。
(√)马克和孩子都没能从火里逃生。
5. The Post Office was helpful, and Marconi applied in June, 1896, for the world’s first radio patent.
译文:邮局提供了帮助,马可尼于1896年6月获得了世界上第一项无线电专利。
(√)在邮局的帮助下,马可尼于1896年6月获得了世界上第一项无线电专利
。
Try to translate:
1. Neither has Mary wanted to rent a hou,nor does her husband.
2. Overwork may cau physical decline,and then insomnia may result.
3. The time was half past ten, and the traffic on the street was light.