英汉互译第8-10课

更新时间:2023-07-18 14:12:18 阅读: 评论:0

Lecture 8 Sentence Translation
Omission
一、教学目的:要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 稀奇的反义词巧,从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。
二、教学过程:
1.  增译法
省译法
词类转换
正说反译、反说正译法
重译法
语态变换法
词序调整法
拆译法
Omission (省译法)
1) A book is uful.  书(是)有用(的)。
2) The earth goes around the sun.  地球绕太阳转。
3) On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。
Omission (省译法)
任何事物具有两面,翻译既然有增译法,就必定有对应的减译法或省略法。省略法就是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的。简言之省略法就是删去一些可有可无或有了反而累赘或违背译文表达习惯的词。省略法不是省掉原文的思想内容。这种省略多从语法和修辞角度考虑。
冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词等,在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时很少出现,为了使译文忠实地道,减译法或省略法就不可少了。
1. 省略代词
    英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯,若前句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时,后句主语一般省掉。如:
1)He was thin and haggard and 作文大全450字he looked mirable.
身体消瘦,面容憔悴,看上去一副可怜相。
Cf:Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.
他象他的朋友一样,虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法,却只有少数付诸实施。
2) We live and learn.
活到老,学到老。
3) Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in new Campus.
新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。
4) If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.
得寸进尺。
5) I have received your letter and read it with delight.
海底两万里创作背景我收到了你的信,愉快地读了。
6) When conditions exist, go ahead; when they don’t, create them and go ahead.
有条件要上;没有条件,创造条件也要上。
7) I wash my face in the morning.
我早上洗脸。
cf:别把手放在口袋里。Don’t put your hands in your pockets.
8) He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
经济学通识他耸耸肩,摇摇头,两眼看天,一言不发。
Practice
①. But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
但我就这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。
②. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.
不承认这个事实,就不是唯物主义者。
③.  The more you tried to hide your warts, the more you revealed them.
越是想掩盖烂疮疤(缺点、瑕疵),就越是会暴露。
④. You must excu me, I shall not speak of the matter again.
请原谅,我以后不会再提这事了。
⑤. She put up her hand in a solute.
她举手致敬。
⑥. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。
⑦. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.
只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
⑧. It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own hou.
他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。
2. 省略连词
    我们在讨论增译法时,提到汉语语言精炼,并列连词较少使用,其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的,由词语顺序来表示。但译为英语时,需要增补。证实了英语是形合语言,汉语是意合语言的命题。相反,把英语译成汉语时,很多情况则需省略连词。如:
1). He looked gloomy and troubled. (表并列)
 他看上去有些忧愁不安。
2). As the temperature increa, the volume of water becomes greater. (表原因)
  温度升高,水的体积就增大。
3) If winter comes, can spring be far behind? (表条件)
    冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
4) When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north. (表时间)
  东方不亮西方亮,黑了南方有北方。
Practice:
1). It is in the plant that we work together with the workers.
就是在这个工厂内我们同工人一起劳动。
2). The door was opened, and he came in.
门开了,他走了进来。
刘淇 3). He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army.
他在大学念过两年书,后来就去参军去了。wsmm
4). If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home.
明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。
5). When at last he stood upon the cliff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 
最后他站到了悬崖上,转过身来,忧郁地看着他的妹妹。
6). John ro gloomily as the train stopped for he was thinking of his ailing mother.
火车停了,约翰忧郁地站了起来,因为他想起了病中的母亲。
3. 省略介词
    一般说来,表示时间和地点的英语前置词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都可以省略,出现在句尾时大都不省。如:
1) The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。
比较:中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。
2) In July, 1956, Egypt had ized the Suez Canal.
  一九五六年七月,埃及占领了苏伊士运河。
  比较:埃及占领苏伊士运河是一九五六年。
3) And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university. 
  一九九九年七月一日,我大学毕业了。
4) Smoking is prohibited in public places.
公共场所不准吸烟。
4. 省略冠词
  英语有冠词,汉语没有冠词;因此,英译汉时往往要将冠词省略。相反,汉译英时,多要增加冠词,也就是增译法中的增加冠词。如:
1) A book is uful.
  (是)有用(的)。
2) The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕太阳转。
(省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词 the)又如:The moon was slowly rising above the a.)
3) A teacher should have patience in his work.
当教员的应当有耐心。(省略表示类别的不定冠词a)
4) The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend.   
站在窗口的(那个)女孩是他女朋友。
此句中girl后有定语,汉译时定冠词The可省也可保留。)
5) Milk is sold by the pound.
牛奶按磅计价。(牛奶是论磅卖的。)
当然,有些场合,冠词是不能省略的。比如不定冠词a 或an 表示数量时,定冠词the 表示时,均不能省略。木耳炒什么好吃
6) He left without a word.
他一句话不说就走了。
强酸性食物7) The children are of an age.
这些孩子都是同岁的。
Exercis
1. We can not e sound waves as they travel through air.
声波通过空气传播,是看不见的。(省人称代词)
2. The dog is stretching itlf.
这条狗在伸懒腰。(省反身代词)
3. It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.
寒冷阴沉的一天,乌云密布。(省略非人称代词it)
4. I can do it, and so can you.

本文发布于:2023-07-18 14:12:18,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/82/1103250.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

标签:省略   表示   冠词   译法   代词
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图