摘要
烟台社保为防治水体富营养化造成的水质污染，并充分利用稻壳这种农业废弃物，达到“以废治废”的绿色循环理念。本文通过采用CO2活化+NaOH碱煮的方法，制备出比表面积大、介孔数量丰富、性能良好的稻壳基生物炭（RHC、RHC3、RHC9）作为载体，并通过共沉淀法将La(OH)3负载到稻壳炭上，制备出三种吸附除磷效果较好的复合吸附剂（RHC-La、RHC3-La、RHC9-La）。采用多种分析手段对镧负载稻壳基生物炭的理化性质进行了表征研究，研究了初始磷浓度、温度、pH、共存离子等对吸附除磷效果的影响，并进一步分析其主要的除磷反应机理。
采用这种制备工艺，制得的稻壳基生物炭的孔径主要分布在2-6nm之间，为典型的介孔材料，经碱煮过的生物炭相比未碱煮的比表面积增大，可高达603.61m²/g，且负载的镧从无定形状态转变为棒状的La(OH)3晶体，镧的负载量分别为12.0%、12.6%和12.9%。随着碱煮时间的增大，RHC-La、RHC3-La、RHC9-La三种复合吸附剂的金属稳定性逐渐增大，在pH=3.0-9.0范围内，均能有效去除磷酸盐且基本无金属La3+的析出。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型（R2=0.99），RHC-La、RHC3-La、RHC9-La的最大吸附量分别为41.32mg/g、43.29mg/g、46.51mg/g，反应动力学符合二级动力学模型（R2=0.999）。热力学研究表明镧负载稻壳基生物炭对磷酸盐的吸附为自发吸热过程。常见的共存离子SO42-对镧负载稻壳基生物炭的除磷过程影响较小，而HCO3-和F-的影响较为显著。镧负载稻壳基生物炭对磷酸盐的去除主要包括静电引力、配位体交换等机制。
镧负载稻壳基生物炭经实验证明是一种选择性强、高效的除磷吸附剂，可以实
现废水中磷去除。
吉他分几种类型关键词：稻壳基生物炭氢氧化镧吸附除磷
Abstract
In order to prevent water pollution caud by eutrophication and make full u of the agricultural waste of rice husk, the concept of "green waste recycling" is achieved. In this paper, the rice husk-bad biochar (RHC, RHC3, RHC9) with large specific surface area, abundant mesoporous numbers, and superior properties was prepared as a support material by means of CO2activation and boiling in NaOH solution under normal pressure. La(OH)3 was loaded onto rice husk-bad biochar by co-precipitation method to prepare three kinds of composite adsorbents (RHC-La, RHC3-La, RHC9-La) with good phosphate removal efficiency. A variety of characterization methods were ud to study the physicochemical properties of La loaded onto rice husk-bad biochar, the effects of initial phosphate concentration, temperature, pH, and coexisting ions on phosphate removal were investigated, and the main phosphate removal reaction mechanism was further analyzed.
With this preparation process, the pore diameter of the rice husk-bad biochar is mainly distributed between 2-6nm, which is a typical mesoporous material. The surface area of the alkaline-boiled biochar can be up to 603.61 m²/g than the unboiled biochar. The loading of lanthanum is transformed from amorphous state into a rod of La(OH)3 crystal, and the capacity of lanthanum-loaded is about 12.0%, 12.6% and 12.9%, respectively. With the time of alkaline-boiled incread, the metal stability of RHC-La, RHC3-La and RHC9-La incread gradually. In the pH range of 3.0-9.0, the lanthanum hydroxide-loaded composite adsorbent can effectively remove phosphate, and basically negligible La3+leaching were obrved. The adsorption process was in line with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2=0.99) and the maximum adsorption capacity of RHC-La, RHC3-La and RHC9-La was 41.32mg/g, 43.29mg/g and 46.51mg/g, respectively. The reaction kinetics followed pesudo-cond-order kinetic model (R2=0.999). Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of phosphate by the lanthanum hydroxide-loaded composite adsorbent were spontaneous endothermic process. The coexisting ions of SO42-had insignificant effect on the phosphate removal by the composite adsorbent, while HCO3-and F-had a significant effect on that. The possible mechanism of phosphate removal by the lanthanum hydroxide-loaded composite
adsorbent were mainly included electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.
The La-modified rice husk biochars were demonstrated to be a lective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of the phosphate in wastewater.
Key words：The rice husk-bad biochar; Lanthanum hydroxide; Adsorption; Phosphate removal
目录
摘要............................................................................................................... I Abstract .......................................................................................................... II 目录............................................................................................................ IV 1 绪论
1.1磷污染现状 (1)
1.2除磷方法介绍 (3)
1.3吸附法除磷 (5)
1.4生物炭 (6)
1.5镧基吸附剂 (8)
三星i939d
1.6研究意义与内容 (9)
2 实验材料及方法
2.1实验材料和仪器 (11)
2.2实验主要试剂配制 (12)
2.3实验方法 (13)
2.4实验衡量指标 (15)
2.5表征方法 (16)往后的余生
2.6吸附计算模型 (17)
3 稻壳基生物炭负载镧复合吸附剂的制备与表征
猪心汤的做法3.1稻壳基生物炭负载镧复合吸附剂的制备 (21)
3.2稻壳基生物炭负载镧复合吸附剂的表征 (23)
3.3本章小结 (34)
4 稻壳基生物炭负载镧复合吸附剂除磷效果研究
4.1吸附动力学研究 (36)
qq特别关心4.2吸附等温线 (43)
4.3吸附热力学研究 (47)
4.4单因素影响分析 (48)
4.5稳定性研究 (53)
4.6实际废水处理研究 (56)
4.7本章小结 (58)
5 机理分析
5.1反应前后FSEM分析 (60)
5.2反应前后XRD分析 (62)
5.3反应前后FTIR分析 (62)
5.4等电点分析 (64)
6 结论与展望
苹果怎么设置时间6.1结论 (66)
6.2展望 (67)
致谢 (69)
参考文献 (70)措施费口诀
