高三三轮冲刺·原创专题提升与训练之阅读理解提高
专题之记叙文
【命题趋势分析】
考察能力：必备知识+关键能力+学科素养+核心价值+审美情操
常描述的是一件事情的开端、发展和结局，通常有“5w”基础信息。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
从总体上来讲，文章的难度一般不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在核心线索或主题的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
从题材角度看
（1）若是“日常故事”，应读懂故事的开端、发展、高潮和结局；
（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；
（3）若是 “奇闻逸事”，应体会对话的风趣性，感受幽默的精髓。
谢谢你给我的温柔（4）若是 “心灵治愈故事”要着重理清人物关系和蕴含深意——多为“救赎”“善意”“热爱”“坚持”“耐心”等
（5）不必在乎我是谁歌词若是“人生历程”，要体会叙述的视角和语言，品析作者传达的体会与感悟
（6）若是“人生介绍”，要了解介绍的人物及事件，简要理解全文基调——“一字褒贬”
从命题形式上看
常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨
大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题。 记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。
【备考策略】转眼歌词
1.把握全文起伏脉络，理清事件逻辑关系
2.顺藤摸瓜，理解细节，解读文本
3.左顾右盼，前后文寻找暗示性语句
4.大局意识，整体阅读，理解言外之意
5.语义辨析靠理解，主旨大意靠品读
I.例题精析
【例题1——上师大附中期中检测】
The butterfly, which is competitive swimming’s newest stroke (划水), was developed in the mid-1930s, but it wasn’t allowed in the Olympics until 1956. The story of the butterfly is a good illustration of how coaches and swimmers are constantly arching for ways to improve stroke efficiency.
During the 1920s, the Japane Olympic coaches ud underwater photography to rearch stroke mechanics, and their efforts paid off when Japane competitors won five of the six men’s swimming gold medals at the 1932 Games in Los Angeles.冰山上的来客电影
It was a wake-up call to the rest of the swimming world, and one of the top US coaches — David Armbruster at the University of Iowa — began doing his own filming.
Armbruster was eking to make the breaststroke faster. He knew that the action of bringing their arms forward underwater slowed breaststrokes down, so he came up with a method of bringing the arms forward over the water. The revid stroke (he kept the breaststroke kick) brought great improvements in speed.
The following year, Jack Sieg, an Iowa swimmer, developed a technique involving swimming on his side and beating his legs in unison (一致) similar to a fish tail. As Armbruster later explained in the book Weissmuller to Spitz: The History and Background of the Olympic Games: “Sieg tried the same action while swimming face down. Sieg synchronized his leg action with the butterfly arm action using two leg beats to each arm pull.” But the kick was ruled illegal becau the legs moved in the vertical (更换身份证流程垂直的) plane.
然则天下之事Within a few years, nearly every breaststroker was using this overarm butterfly action without the kick. The pure butterfly wasn’t legalized for some two decades, but at the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne “the fly” became an official event.
1. The best title of the article is _____.
A. Why did the coaches and swimmers improve stroke efficiency?
B. How did the butterfly come into being?
C. How did the Japane wake up the swimming world?
D. When did “the fly” become an official event?
2. The Japane coaches u underwater photography in order to ______.
A. wake up the swimming world
B. be paid more money
C. know how to be a mechanic
D. improve stroke efficiency
3. Before the pure butterfly was officially recognized, ______ years or so had pasd .
A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 35
4. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. The Japane coaches improved butterfly stroke.
B. David Armbruster ud filming to study stroke mechanics.
C. Sieg came up with the idea of beating legs like a fish tail.
老地方
D. The butterfly was added to the Olympics in 1956.
【答案】BDBA
【解析】文章讲述了蝶泳的发展历程。蝶泳发展于20世纪秘密作文600字30年代中期，但直到1956年才获准参加奥运会。蝶泳的故事很好地说明了教练和游泳运动员是如何不断地寻找提高游泳效率的方法的。
1.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“ The story of the butterfly is a good illustration of how coaches and swimmers are constantly arching for ways to improve stroke efficiency.(蝶泳的故事很好地说明了教练和游泳运动员是如何不断地寻找提高游泳效率的方法的)”及下文介绍可知，本文主要讲述了蝶泳的发展历程。由此可知，How did the butterfly come into being?(蝶泳是如何形成的？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the 1920s, the Japane Olympic coaches ud underwater photography to rearch stroke mechanics, and their efforts paid off when Ja
pane competitors won five of the six men’s swimming gold medals at the 1932 Games in Los Angeles.”可知，20世纪20年代，日本奥运教练利用水下摄影技术研究泳姿力学。1932年洛杉矶奥运会上，日本选手赢得了6枚男子游泳金牌中的5枚，他们的努力得到了回报。由此可知，日本教练使用水下摄影来提高泳姿效率。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The pure butterfly wasn’t legalized for some two decades, but at the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne “the fly” became an official event.”可知，20多年来，纯蝶泳一直不被认可，但在1956年墨尔本奥运会上，“纯蝶泳”成为正式比赛项目。由此可知，在纯蝶泳被正式认可之前，已经过去了20年左右。故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the 1920s, the Japane Olympic coaches ud underwater photography to rearch stroke mechanic ...”（20世纪20年代，日本奥运教练利用水下摄影技术研究泳姿力学）可知B选项正确，排除B；根据第五段“The following year, Jack Sieg, an Iowa swimmer, developed a technique involving swimming on his side and beating his legs in unison (一致) similar to a fish tail. ”（第二年，爱荷华州的游泳运动员Jack Sieg发明了一种技术，包括侧着游泳，并像鱼尾一样齐声拍打双腿）可知C
选项正确，排除C；根据最后一段“The pure butterfly wasn’t legalized for some two decades, but at the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne “the fly” became an official event.”（20多年来，纯蝶泳一直不被认可，但在1956年墨尔本奥运会上，“纯蝶泳”成为正式比赛项目）可知D选项描述正确，排除D，但是没有提及“日本教练提高了蝶泳的水平”。故选A。
