虚拟语气知多少
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用。近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多，但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现。例如，2003年高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”。 常用“May+主语+动词原形”或“主语+九字开头的成语动词原形”。例如：
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
You go out！ 你出去！
2、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。由及物动词 wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望。
How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊！
How I wish I could help him! 咸金桔我多么希望我能帮助他啊！
How I wish I had watched the clo NBA game last night.
另外，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest,propo,advi）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气，表示说话人的要求，其结构为：主语+should+动词原形，其中的should常可省略。例如：
The head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是，当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时，或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时，宾语从句仍用陈述语气。试比较：
My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university.
My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advid, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”。例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
同理，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气，既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型。例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种虚拟形式，即虚拟条件现在式，过去式和将来式。
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 | 结果主句 |
If 主语+ 动词过去式（be 用were） | 主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形 |
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2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
抬头纹除皱条件状语从句 | 结果主句 |
疲惫不堪造句If+主语+ had + 过去分词 | 主语+should/ would/could/might描写夏天的诗句古诗+ have+ 过去分词。 |
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3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 | 结果主句 |
If+ should /were to +动词原形 | 主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形 |
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If I were you, I should get it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间，我会学习法语的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were to be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping with my friends. 如果明天天气好，我将和朋友们一起去买东西。
4、有关虚拟语气的几个附加问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if房改办，而把条件状语从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面，使用部分倒装语序。 例如：
Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点， 她就会干这件事了。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
Should it snow tomorrow, it would be exciting.要是明天能下雪的话，那就太棒了。
2) 美甲品牌有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。 If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，这种句式就被称作为“混合虚拟条件句”。 If+ had +主语+过去分词， 主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he 季秋wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
4）特殊句型：
It’s (high) time (that) sb. should do/过去式
Sb. would rather (that) sb +过去式
5）含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： （1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in ca of, under more favorable condition等。
______________the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Becau of D. As for
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
6)虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。
由于虚拟语气结构复杂、用法众多，因此，尤其需要大家分清虚拟语气的结构，在语言实践中灵活运用！
配套强化训练：虚拟语气
1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
