（英汉对照）比尔盖茨谈创新（中英对照）
Bill gates _ Innovating to zero!创新到零
Transcript for Bill Gates on energy: Innovating to zero!
I'm going to talk today about energy and climate. And that might em a bit surprising becau my full-time work at the foundation is mostly about vaccines and eds, about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives. But energy and climate are extremely important to the people, in fact, more important than to anyone el on the planet. The climate getting wor, means that many years their crops won't grow. There will be too much rain, not enough rain. Things will change in ways that their fragile environment simply can't support. And that leads to starvation. It leads to uncertainty. It leads to unrest. So, the climate changes will be terrible for them.
顶针修辞
Also, the price of energy is very important to them. In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower the price of, to reduce poverty, by far, you would pick energy. Now, the price of energy
has come down over time. Really, advanced civilization is bad on advances in energy. The coal revolution fueled the industrial revolution, and, even in the 1900's we've en a very rapid decline in the price of electricity, and that's why we have refrigerators, air-conditioning, we can make modern materials and do so many things. And so, we're in a wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world. But, as we make it cheaper -- and let's go for making it twice as cheap -- we need to meet a new constraint, and that constraint has to do with CO2.世界上最咸的海
CO2 is warming the planet, and the equation on CO2 is actually a very straightforward one. If you sum up the CO2 that gets emitted, that leads to a temperature increa, and that temperature increa leads to some very negative effects. The effects on the weather and, perhaps wor, the indirect effects, in that the natural ecosystems can't adjust to the rapid changes, and so you get ecosystem collaps.
隆科多
Now, the exact amount of how you map from a certain increa of CO2 to what temperature will be and where the positive feedbacks are, there's some uncertainty there,
but not very much. And there's certainly uncertainty about how bad tho effects will be, but they will be extremely bad. I asked the top scientists on this veral times, do we really have to get down to near zero? Can't we just cut it in half or a quarter? And the answer is that, until we get near to zero, the temperature will continue to ri. And so that's a big challenge. It's very different than saying we're a 12 ft high truck trying to get under a 10 ft bridge, and we can just sort of squeeze under. This is something that has to get to zero.
武汉理工大学就业
Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year, over 26 billion tons. For each American, it's about 20 tons. For people in poor countries, it's less than one ton. It's an average of about five tons for everyone on the planet. And, somehow, we have to make changes that will bring that down to zero. It's been constantly北京周边好玩的地方
铅球教学视频going up. It's only various economic changes that have even flattened it at all, so we have to go from rapidly rising to falling, and falling all the way to zero.
This equation has four factors. A little bit of multiplication. So, you've got a thing on the lef
t, CO2, that you want to get to zero, and that's going to be bad on the number of people, the rvices each person's using on average, the energy on average for each rvice, and the CO2 being put out per unit of energy. So, let's look at each one of the and e how we can get this down to zero. Probably, one of the numbers is going to have to get pretty near to zero. Now that's back from high school algebra, but let's take a look.
First we've got population. Now, the world today has 6.8 billion people. That's headed up to about nine billion. Now, if we do a really great job on new vaccines（疫苗）, health care, reproductive health rvices, we could lower that by, perhaps, 10 or 15 percent, but there we e an increa of about 1.3.
宣布的英语The cond factor is the rvices we u. This encompass everything, the food we eat, clothing, TV, heating. The are very good things, and getting rid of poverty means providing the rvices to almost everyone on the planet. And it's a great thing for this number to go up. In the rich world, perhaps the top one billion, we probably could cut bac
k and u less, but every year, this number, on average, is going to go up, and so, over all, that will more than double the rvices delivered per person. Here we have a very basic rvice. Do you have lighting in your hou to be able to read your homework, and, in fact, the kids don't, so they're going out and reading their school work under the street lamps.
Now, efficiency, E, the energy for each rvice, here, finally we have some good news. We have something that's not going up. Through various inventions and new ways of doing lighting, through different types of cars, different ways of building buildings. there are a lot of rvices where you can bring the energy for that rvice down quite substantially, some individual rvices even, bring it down by 90 percent. There are other rvices like how we make fertilizer, or how we do air transport, where the rooms for improvement are far, far less. And so, overall here, if we're optimistic, we may get a reduction of a factor of three to even, perhaps, a factor of six. But for the first three factors now, we've gone from 26 billion to, at best, maybe 13 billion tons, and that just won't cut it.
>万立城
