专题15 完形填空—记叙类方法与技巧死亡恐惧症
完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。针对以上我们对完形填空试题的题型分析，答题时考生可以从如下几个方面入手做出正确的选择：
一、树立语篇意识，解决局部问题
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以在解决局部问题时，考生要树立牢固的语篇意识，遵循从“整体---局部----整体”这个解决问题的规律，不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。（参考题型分类四）
二、借助逻辑连词，推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, becau, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwi, de
spite等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑连词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设的。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。（参考题型分类四）
三、通达文章语境，明辨词语差异
高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。（参考题型分类一）
四、活用知识积累，甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。（参考题型分类一）
五、联系生活常识，再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识或结合常识身临其境地想像当时的情景，从而做出正确的判断。例如：
The pasngers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to 31 the ats, ttled in one of them.
31.A. touch B .grab C .count D .feel
【解析】D考查常识理解。考生要知道盲人是看不见的，所有的动作都是靠摸索的，据此可知应该选择
“feel”(摸索，感知),而不应该是“有目的”地去“touch”（触碰）；
32.A.weakness B . sickness C .darkness D .sadness
【解析】C考查常识理解。盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，这种表达在中文里面我们也使用，所以明显应该是“a world of darkness”；
六、了解文化背景，克服母语干扰
又啥又啥
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确解题。
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外，还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，逐渐增加训练的频度，提高训练的难度，通过训练提高阅读理解能力，做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断，进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。只有通过平时多读多练，不断拓宽知识面，进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识，熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等，才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。
体验高考
1.【2015·北京】完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项 涂黑。
A Welcome Gift
Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 37 filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning, 38 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39 under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. B脚发麻是什么原因ut he said that they were all 40 水果饮people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41 and apologize for their playing.
“Maybe we could go and 42 everyone in person.” his mother said.
“What if we invited them to come here for a 43 instead? Dario asked.
They both loved the 44 . Over the next few days, they nt out invitations and prepared desrts 45 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.
Finally, the day of the party 46 . Some guests brought prents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desrts to 47 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48 Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
“I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I 49 that you might play like this every night. S爱戴的意思o I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”
Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 50 you an apology.” she said. “I didn’t 51 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter
music at night.
“You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “The songs are not such 52 music.”
“The songs are beautiful music.” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 53 to play them in the evening.”保健站
“And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. 岁月留下的痕迹He was already looking forward to 54 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to e the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of 55 and made him feel that they were home at last.
36.A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked
37.A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry
38.A. therefore B. however C. otherwi D. instead
39.A. note B. poster C. bill D. report
40.A. proud B. rich C. lucky D. nice
41.A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience
42.A. blame B. instruct C. question D. visit
