翻译课件
分句法(拆译法)VS.合句（合译法）
Division and Combination
教学⽬的：
社区实习报告英语和汉语在句⼦结构上存在差异，这种差异包括词、短语、句⼦等的时间和空间顺序，也包括表达内容和形式⽅⾯的不同。在翻译时，需要对原来的句⼦结构进⾏调整。
通过分句法和合句法的学习，抛弃原来逐字逐句翻译的习惯，初步掌握这两种翻译技巧，并能够运⽤到翻译实践中去。
分句法：
分句法是指把原⽂的⼀个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句⼦。
合句法：
合句法是指把原⽂两个或两个以上的简单句或⼀个复合句在译⽂中⽤⼀个单句来表达。
1. 把原⽂中的⼀个单词翻译成句⼦，使原⽂的⼀个句⼦分成两个或两个以上的句
⼦。
A. 副词
1）Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。
2) They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.
他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。
注册会计师继续教育3) Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing.
从理论上看，那是⼀篇了不起的科学论⽂。
4) The Chine emed justifiably proud of their achievements in aviation industry.
安吉攻略中国似乎为他们在航天事业上取得的成就⽽⾃豪，这是合乎情理的。
5) The city gregation law had understandably aroud a civil right movement that
spread from coast to coast.
城市隔离法引起美国全国范围内的民权运动，这是可以理解的。
6) He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class today.
这个学⽣很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却⽆精打采，异乎寻常。
7）Tho Chine scientists in Silicon V alley are understandably proud of their achievements.
这些在硅⾕⼯作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到⾃豪，这可以理解。
B. 形容词：
1）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
那地区是个⿇烦的地⽅，这是⼤家最容易看得出来的。
2）She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart that she was loved and respected by her students.
她⼼地善良，性格温柔，乐观⼤⽅，深受学⽣们的爱戴。
她⼼地厚道，性格温柔，⽓量⼜⼤，为⼈乐观，深受学⽣们的爱戴。
3）The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible---about one in four.
⼤约有四分之⼀的美国青年⼈没有阅读能⼒，这简直令⼈难以置信。
C. 名词
1) Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western
people: its expan, its cultural diversity, the length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp. 中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西⽅⼈⼼驰神往：其内容博⼤精深，其⽂化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使⽤的精湛技艺⾄今还令专家们惊叹不已。
2）He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着⼜眯成⼀条线，脸上露出愤怒的神⾊。
3）The high risk of injection puts a premium on the u of sterile needles.
由于注射时受感染的风险⼤，⽆菌注射针的使⽤受到了重视。
2. 把短语分译成句⼦。
A. 分词短语
1) He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power.
他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。
2) The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.
那孩⼦叫了⼀声，伸开两臂，跑了过去。
3) Being summer, the rivers were open and navigable.
夏天已到，河流开冻，可以通航。
B. 名词短语
1) The mayor has to flatter Mr. White, the director of the supervision committee.
市长不得不吹捧怀特先⽣，他是督导委员会的主任。
2) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被创造，也不能被消灭，这是⼀条普遍公认的规律。
3）The isolation of the rural world becau of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
因为距离遥远，⼜缺乏交通⼯具，农村社会与外界是隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通信⼯具不⾜，就变得更加严重了。
C. 前置词短语
1) In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in
haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Y an’an.
2) 1946年8⽉，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已经在战争
中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
3）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
他来到了华盛顿，就国际形式⽽⾔，时机正合适。
D.介词短语
1) We cannot e it clearly for the fog.
由于有雾，我们看不清它。
3. 把句⼦拆开：
1）Out of sheer joy she wave.
由于⾮常⾼兴，她挥了挥⼿。
2）Strange enough they were
the same age to the day.
播放器哪个好
真是奇怪，他们年龄⼀样
⼤，⽽且还是同⽇⽣的。
3）She had made veral attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.
感恩节时间
她已经试了好⼏次，要帮他们找⼀所出租的房⼦，结果没有成功。
4）His failure to obrve the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障
4. 把分句拆开：有些句⼦是由主句和从句构成的，此时，可以把定语从句拆开。
1）Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
不肯再和这样⼀个⼥⼈说话。这个⼥⼈现在异常⽆礼，⾮常令⼈反感。
（定语从句翻译成另外⼀句）
2）This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the hou that Jack built.
鲁滨逊漂流记背景
这就是那只捕杀了⽼⿏的猫。⽼⿏偷吃了放在屋⾥的蛋糕。房⼦是杰克盖的。
3）It (the People’s Republic of China) must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future; who believe in people and his glorious man-made destiny.
伟⼤的中华⼈民共和国必须⽤我们⼤家的鲜⾎和⼯作来缔造。我们这些⼈相信未来，相信⼈民，相信⼈们能够掌握⾃⼰的命运—---- 光辉灿烂的命运。
ADJ.,ADV.,N.,and Phra (4)
在英语句⼦⾥，有某个成分同别的成分在意思上的关系⽐较松散，或者没有直接的修饰关系，就可以分译。
合句法
1.词的合译
2.把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成⼀个句⼦
3. 复合句的翻译
合词译法
⽆论是西⽅作家还是中国作家，都喜欢⽤同义词以强调其表达的意思。西⽅作家常⽤的成对词，⽽中国作家常⽤的是⼀条前后两个部分为同义词的四字成语，或两条同义成语。法
1. He is dead and gone.
他的确死了。
2. His father is a man who forgives and forgets.
他⽗亲⾮常宽容。
3. It’s right and proper to try it.
试⼀试是完全正确的。
4. She was surprid and taken aback.
她着实吃了⼀惊。
5. Really and truly?
千真万确?
6. 要不然叫他趁早回⼼转意，有多少好处。（《红楼梦》）
Otherwi, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her.
7. 其中⼜见黛⽟是个出类拔萃的，便更与黛⽟亲近异常。
Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectionately.
8. (他们)都是些狐群狗党!
They are a pack of curs!
9. 他决定洗⼼⾰⾯，脱胎换⾻。
He is determined to turn over a new l eaf.
10. 你怎么能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？
How can you kick down the ladder?
11. 陈词滥调old stuff
12. 痴⼼妄想wishful thinking, fond dream
13. 丰功伟绩great contributions
14. 灵丹妙药miraculous cure, heal-all
15. ⾃以为是、夜郎⾃⼤lf-conceited, arrogant
16. 以怨报德、恩将仇报return kindness with ingratitude
17. 低三下四、奴颜婢膝humble onelf
18. 宽宏⼤量、既往不咎forgive and forget
practice
1．词的合译
1) Y ou will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square?
你们出钱，我们出⼈，这难道还不公平吗？
2) His father is a man who forgives and forgets.
他的⽗亲⾮常宽容。
3) Her son was wi and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.
她的⼉⼦⾮常聪明，可⼥⼉却很笨。
4) He suffered aches and pains.
他遭受百般疼痛。
5) He is a man of culture and learning.
他是个很有学问的⼈。
6) I hate all the hustle and bustle.
我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场⾯。
2.把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成⼀个句⼦。
1) The young man was very mirable. He had no money about him. All his savings had
been stolen.
这个年轻⼈真惨，已落到⾝⽆分⽂的地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。
2) That day, the President had an interview with his father. His father was going to the
moon by space shuttle.
那天，总统会见了将乘航天飞机去登⽉的⽗亲。
3) He was clean. His mind was open.
他为⼈单纯⽽坦率。
3. 复合句的翻译
1) When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.
我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。
2) When we prai the Chine leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
我们对中国领导⼈和中国⼈民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
3) In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。
4) It was in mid-August, and the repair ction operated under the blazing sun.
⼋⽉中旬，维修⼈员在烈⽇下⼯作
Exercis
He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors
他访问了许多地⽅，到处受到热烈的欢迎。他的艰苦努⼒是经常受到热烈欢迎的。
（此句原⽂中有两个定语从句，将这样⼀个英⽂长句翻译成两个独⽴的句⼦，意思
想念母亲的句子更清楚。）
2．They try to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
3．July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。
七⼋⽉份是天⽓很热的⽉份。
4. But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the
end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.
但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗⼼⼤意⽽造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会少了现⾦，⽽有的会多了。
5. But they had become nomads of the dert, living on the ground and under the sky, and
they loved it.
可是，他们都变成了沙漠⾥的牧民了。他们⽣活在苍天之下，黄⼟之上(风餐露宿)。
猪狗
