History
Explain the following terms.
1. The Anglo-Saxons
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In the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5beelyth century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.
2. Norman Conquest
After King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promid to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.
3. Robin Hood
England's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppresd by the Normans. He hid in the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this cret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television ries, books, comics and plays.
4. The Hundred Years’ War
香蕉保鲜At the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Conquently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for 116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.
5. The Civil War慈祥的意思
In January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads, formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.
6. American Indians
The American Indians were the descendants of the Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crosd the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.
7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of America
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In 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook the islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.
8. The Mayflower
The Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppresd by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower关于家的成语 finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachutts.
9. Declaration of Independence
On July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that the United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announ
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ced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.
10. Abraham Lincoln
In March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.
Geography
1. The British Isles
The British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, parated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the U.K. mainly consists of the two islands.
2. London
London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overas visitors.
3. 怎么看ipEdinburgh Festival
Edinburgh is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside veral other arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.
4. New York City
The city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boro
ughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.
