that | 人、物 主宾表（做宾可省） The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.（宾） A plane is a machine that can fly.（主） |
which | 物 主宾表 (做宾可省, 作介词宾语不可省) They planted some trees which didn’t need much water.（主） |
who | 人 主宾表（做宾可省） There is a girl who wants to e you.（主） |
whom | 人 宾表（做动宾可省，作介词宾语不可省） The old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker. 你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。 |
who | 人、物，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格，可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom” 和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。 This is the scientist who name is known all over the country. →This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. This is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country. Plea pass me the book who cover is green. →Plea pass me the book the cover of which is green. Plea pass me the book of which the cover is green. |
在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况： | |
先行词是不定代词时。 | 如all，little，few，none，anything，something, everything, nothing等 Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? |
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 | This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city. |
先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 | Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. |
先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 | This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for. 这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。 |
先行词既有人又有物时 | Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? |
when | 先行词是time, day, week, year 等时间类名词，在从句中作时间状语可由介词+which替代 I can not forget the day when (on which) I first saw you. | 注意：当先行词是表示时间的 time, day 等或表示地点的 place, hou 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构： 欧美歌星1.从句缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that， 2.从句缺少时间状语或地点状语，才能用 when 或 where。 I still remember the day (which/that) we spent together in the city. 先行词为时间，从句缺宾语 I can not forget the day when (on which) I first saw you. 先行词为时间类名词，从句缺时间状语 |
where | 先行词是place, street, hou, city, country等地点类名词，或一些抽象意义的名词，如 point, ca, position, condition, situation。在从句中作地点状语，可由介词+which替代 This is the hou where (in which) they lived a week ago. | |
why | 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在句中作原因状语 可由for which代替 The reason why (for which) I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. | |
介词+关系代词结构中，指人用whom,指物用which,无其他选择 介词的选择方法可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。 | Do you remember the day on which (when) you joined us? There isn’t a single person to whom she can turn for help. |
一先，即先看先行词，介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配 时间常和on, in, by搭配；地点常用on，in，at； 原因用for；方式用in，by，with | This is the hou in which (where) the inventor lived. (lived in the hou) |
二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。 | 牛肚炒什么好吃 He is the person of whom everyone has heard. 他是那位所有人都听说过的人。(hear of 听说) |
三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词 | He was educated at a local high school，after which he went on to Beijing University. (动作先后顺序，after) |
四特殊：介词of 常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词结构”。 1.不定代词all，both，none，neither，either，some，any +of＋关系代词 2.数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)+of＋关系代词 宝宝多大断奶合适3.数词＋名词+of＋关系代词 4.the＋最高级/比较级+of＋关系代词 5.表示数目或数量的词语many，most，few，veral，enough, half, a quarter+of＋关系代词 | 1. The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors 2. There are sixty students in our class，twenty of whom are girls. 3. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 4. There are sixty students，two boys of whom are my friends. 5. There are two rooms，the smaller of which is my study room. 6.There are sixty students, most of whom are from China. |
who可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。但如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前只能用whom。 This is the pilot (who/whom) I bought a camera for. ＝This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera. 这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。 | 关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成分对抗心理： 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语表语，用关系代词； 儿童补钙产品排行榜如果作定语，就用who； 如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 | |
| 党员教育培训 | ||
occasion，period等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。 There are occasions when one must yield. There are occasions on which one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。(时间状语) | 当先行词为the way时，并在从句中作方式状语，从句用that或in which，或省略不用。如果作主宾表，则正常使用关系词。 We admire the way he solved the problem. We admire the way that he solved the problem. We admire the way in which he solved the problem. We admire the way that/which he suggested.(在从句中作宾语) | |
1. 非限制性定语从句不用that引导。 I am fond of the novel，which you bought for me. 2．非限制性定语从句不用why引导，而用for which I have told him the reason，for which I misd the bus. 3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He is shallow，which is known to us all in our company. 他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。(先行词为主句的内容) | as is said above 如上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所说 as is often the ca 情况常常如此 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 as is already mentioned above 就跟上边所提到的那样 as you can e 就跟你看到的那样 | 在非限制性定语从句中，as 和which可指代整句。 1. as位置灵活； which只可置于主句的之后。 2.as意为“正如…，就象…”； which意为“这一点，这件事”。 1. The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 2. As we had expected,he was late again. | |
对比 | 定语从句 | 同位语从句 |
所修饰词 | 名词，代词，或者整个主句 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is shallow，which is known to us all in our company. | idea、fact、news、hope、belief、suggestion、proposal、word、thought、doubt、truth、possibility、promi、order等有一定内涵的名词 Word came that he had been abroad. |
功能作用 | 对先行词进行修饰， The news that my mom told me is true. | 对从句前的抽象名词的内容进行说明，属于名词性从句 The news that our team has won the game is true. |
引导词 | 关系词：替代先行词，连接主从句，在从句中做主宾表定状，作从句的动词宾语时可省略 I have a idea (that) you may need. (that替代先行词a idea,连接主从句，在从句中作宾语) | 引导词：分为连接词，连接代词，连接副词。 凉被连接主从句，比定从多了how, what , whether, if I have no idea what has happened to him. (what连接代词， 连接主从句，在从句中作主语) |
that | 关系代词，在从句中作主宾表，有时可用which替代 The news (that) my mom told me is true. | 连接词，只起连接作用，无意义，不充当成分，不可省，不能用which替代 The news that our team has won the game is true. |
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