上海牛津版八年级下册语法知识点总结综合---宾从,定从,倒装,句子成分

更新时间:2023-07-17 22:46:15 阅读：24 评论：0

Part One 句子成分

成分	词性	例句
主语（处于谓语动词前）	名词	The apple is red.
	代词	Nobody is here.
	数词	Four and five makes nine.
	名词化的形容词显卡有什么用	The old need our help.
	to do/ doing	To be a doctor is my dream. Running is good for health.
	从句	That he is handsome is well known. What you said is right.
谓语	简单谓语：一个动词/动词词组	He often reads newspaper. The plane takes off.
谓语	复合谓语：助动词+动词	He can speak English well.
表语	位于系动词后面的成分一般为：名词，代词，形容词，数词， to do/doing; 介词短语，从句；副词	My wish is to become a doctor. Time is pressing. 时间紧迫 I am at work. This is why I am here.
宾语	位于及物动词或者介词后的部分名词；代词；数词；名词化的形容词； to do/ doing ; 从句	we love our motherland. Buy it. Give me five. We should help the poor. Do you understand what I said?
补足语	宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明醪糟鸡蛋汤买入返售形容词分词短语不定式名词介词短语副词	I found the book very interesting. He made himlf known to others. He asked me to do sth. we must keep it a cret. make yourlf at home. keep the dog out.
	主语补足语: 对主语进行补充说明名词；形容词等	The dog was found dead. He is elected monitor of the class.
定语	修饰限定名词或者代词的成分介词短语代词数词名词不定式分词从句	The book on the desk is mine. My bag is here. Three dogs are barking. stone table the way to do this moving film / boiled water I know the boy who is standing there.
状语	修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子副词不定式分词短语介词短语从句	Tom speaks fast. I buy the cake to eat. Arriving there, I called him. When I was a child , I was so cute.

Part two 句子的类型

 简单句---五种基本句型

1）主语+ 不及物动词【主谓】 The dog died.

2) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语【主谓宾】 I teach English.

3）主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语【主谓宾宾】She nt me a prent.

4）主语+ 及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语【主谓宾宾补】

5）主语+ 系动词+表语【主系表】

 并列句---由并列连词【fanboys】连接的句子。

fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

1. 注意就远原则、就近原则 2. 注意逻辑语义关系。

 主从复合句

1. 分类

名词性从句	主语从句宾语从句表语从句 *同位语从句
形容词性从句	定语从句
副词性从句	状语从句

2. 儿童简笔画蝴蝶名词性从句的连接词使用一览表

青年在选择职业时的考虑原文

连接词	从句内部情况	是否可省	例句
that	不缺成分；意义完整	宾语从句可以省；主从，表从不可省	I know (that) you love English. That灰色羽绒服 you love English is well known. The reason is that you love English.
whether	不缺成分；意义“是否”	不可省	Whether I am alive depends on you. The problem is whether he will agree with you.
if	不缺成分；意义“是否”	只能用在宾语从句中的某些情况
who	从句缺定语； “谁的”	不可省	I want to know who bag it is.
which whatoppo壁纸 who/whom	从句缺主语、宾语, 表语	不可省	Which boy will go there is unknown. What you said is right. I wonder who he is.
where why when how	从句缺状语；地点意义，时间意义，方式，原因意义	不可省	Where you want to live is not a question now. I wonder why you are so brilliant. I didn’t know when he left. Let teach you how to write.

从句的语序：陈述语序--- 引导词后紧跟从句的主语。

【注意特例】：特殊疑问词本身做主语的时候，改为宾从的时候，语序不变。

what’s wrong / the matter/the problem (with…)

which is the way to…

what is the most beautiful ….

what is happening over there…

who is standing there…

3) 时态

主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。

注意：在改写宾从的时候，1）如果主句是一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。2）注意人称变化； 3）注意时间状语的变化

3. 定从考点梳理

连接词使用一览表

从句内部情况	连接词	是否可省	例句
从句缺主语宾语	that	当从句缺的是宾语的时候，可以省略	I know a girl that is good at English. I know the girl (that) you talk about.
从句缺主语宾语	which 【先行词为物】 who/whom【先行词为人】	当从句缺的是宾语的时候，可以省略	This is the bag (which) you bought for me. This is the man (whom) I love.
从句缺定语； “谁的”	who		I live in the hou who door is white.
从句基本完整	where why when		水长东 Is there a place where we can spend our holidays? I don’t know the reason why he is late. I will never forget the days when we lived together.

注意：只能用that 的情况

1. 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, everything 等不定代词

2. 先行词由 only , very 修饰

3. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰

4.先行词中既有人又有物

非限制性定语从句：

特点：先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开

which引导：先行词既可以是一个单词，也可以是一整个句子

as 引导：可参考常见搭配：

as sb expected

as is mentioned before

as is well-known

4. 状语从句重点连接词

时间状语从句

since---自从；与现在完成时连用

as soon as –一…就

not … until… 直到….才…

原因状语从句since； as

目的状语从句so that

让步状语从句： though/although/even if/ even though, 不与but 连用

条件状语从句： if, unless, as/so long as

方式状语从句： as(按照)， as if/as though

Part Three 倒装句--- NAOSHI原则

● NAOSHI----N--- negative words 【当句首出现否定意义成分，需要进行部分倒装】

否定成分	倒装类型
否定词： never, ldom, scarcely, not, nowhere, little	Never shall I forgive him. [部分倒装]
否定短语：（决不） On no account, by no means, in no ca, under no circumstance, in no way, in no n	By no means can you get my money. [部分倒装]
否定句型： 1）Not unitl 2）No sooner…than 3）Hardly/scarcely… when 4） not only….but also…	[从句不倒装，主句倒装] 1）Not until Timy came could the students have the class. 2）No sooner had Timy come than the students started to laugh. [than 此处为从属连词，后面连接的是从句] 3） Hardly/Scarcely had Timy come when the students started to laugh. [when 此处为从属连词，后面连接的是从句] Not only did he love English, but also she love English.

● NAOSHI----A (as / though 引导的让步状语从句)

结构1： adj./adv. /分词/名词(无冠词)/短语 + as/though + 主语+ 谓语

Although/Though I was very tired, I tried to help them.

= Tired as/ though I was, tried to help them.

Though she is a girl, she behaves like a boy.

= Girl as/though she is, [ 此处强调部分为a + n单时；倒装时不用加a]

● NAOSHI—o : only + 状语（adv./ 介词短语/状从）+ 助动词+主语+动词（部分倒装）

Only then did he realize his mistake.

Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only when you finish your homework can you watch TV. [从句不倒装，主句倒装]

注意易错： Only you can go to school. 【only 后不接状语，不用倒装。此句only 修饰的是主语】

● NAOSHI—s==so, neither

So did I . 我也是

So I did. 确实如此

I did so. 我做过这件事。

1. So+ 助动词+主语；表示“也…” Neither/Nor + 助动词+主语: 表示“也不…”

【拓展固定结构】： So it is with… 表示前面提及的事也适合后者。

Man can’t live without water or air. So it is with animals.

人不能离开水和空气。动物也是如此。

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