（完整版）⼩学英语语法总结全集（可编辑修改word
版）
⼩学英语语法总结全集
⼩学英语语法汇总（⼀）
可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
⼀、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表⽰的⼈或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表⽰某类⼈或事物中的个体，如worker,farmer, desk, fact ory 等)和集体名词(表⽰作为⼀个整体来看的⼀群⼈或⼀些事物，如people, famil y 等)。如果普通名词所表⽰的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表⽰⽆法分为个体的物质，如meat,rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表⽰动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship 等)。
⼆、可数名词的家务事
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指⼀个⼈或⼀件事物时，⽤单数形式；指两个或多个⼈或事物时⽤复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
1.⼀般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：
book → books room → rooms
hou → hous day → days
2.以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：
bus → bus glass → glass
watch →watches
dish → dishes box → boxes
3.以"辅⾳字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y 改为i 再加-es。如：
city → cities body → bodies
factory → factories 等等。
4.以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或fe 改为v 再加-es。如：
half → halves leaf→ leaves
knife → knives wife →wives
5.特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]
① child →children
② man → men woman → women
policeman →policemen
(规律：man → men)
点烟器插头③ tomato →tomatoes
potato →potatoes
[悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo → photos ]
④foot → feet tooth → teeth新手化妆步骤
[悄悄话：oo 变成ee。]
⑤sheep, Chine, Japane 单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]
⑥people 单数形式表⽰复数意义，要求谓语动词⽤复数；people 的复数形式peoples 通常指"多个民族"。
三、不可数名词的家务事
1.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句⼦的主语时，谓语动词要⽤单数形式。如：
The food is very fresh. ⾷品很新鲜。
2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发⽣变化。如：
water ( ⽔) → waters ( ⽔域)
orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘⼦)
3.很多的不可数名词表⽰泛指时为不可数，表⽰种类时就可数，但意义⼤多不发⽣变化。如：
fruit → fruits food → foods
fish → fishes hair → hairs
⽤所给名词的适当形式填空。
1.How many (sheep) are there on the hill?
2.There is some (food) in the basket.
3.The baby has only two (tooth) now.
4.There is a lot of (water) in the bottle.
5.There are five (people ) in his family.
6.Let's take (photo), OK?
7.I have lots of (tomato) here.
8.The (leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9.The (child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10.Their (dictionary) look new.
11.I e you have a few white (hair).
12.They are (woman) doctors.
13.Can you give me some bottles of (orange), plea?
14.There are many
15.I would like some apple 参考答案：(fox) in the picture.
(juice). I am very thirsty.
1. sheep
2. food
3. teeth
4. water
5. people
6. photos
7. tomatoes
8. leave
s 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 1
5.juice
名词可数不可数“六注意”
善问⼤王：Good afternoon, Mr Zhang.名词可数不可数我掌握得不好，请您给我再讲⼀讲好吗？
Mr Huang：别急！名词可数不可数需要注意六点，下⾯我就⼀⼀给你道来：⼀可、数名词是可以⽤来
计数的名词可。数名词有单数和复数形式如：。desk-desks, app le-apples 等。不可数名词是不可以直接⽤来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk 等。
⼆、单数可数名词表⽰泛指时，前⾯要⽤不定冠词a(an)，表⽰特指时，前⾯要⽤定冠词the; ⽽不可数名词前不能⽤a(an)修饰，表⽰特指时，前⾯⼀定要⽤定冠词the。如：
He is a factory worker. 他是⼀名⼯⼈。
No one can e air. 没有⼈能看见空⽓。
三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以⽤some,any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表⽰"⼀些，许多"。如：
There are some oranges on the desk. 桌⼦上有⼀些桔⼦。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶⾥有许多⽔。
四、可数名词前可⽤具体的数词来表⽰具体的数量。如：two apples, four b ooks 等。不可数名词前通常⽤"单位词+of"来表⽰数量。如：a piece of paper, three pieces of paper 等。
学魔方五、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持⼀致。如：
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要⽤单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数" 单位词"时，谓语动词要⽤复数形式。如：
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问⽤how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问⽤how much。如：
How many apples are there in the box?盒⼦⾥有多少个苹果？
How much tea is there in the cup?杯⾥有多少茶⽔？
注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时，疑问词⽤how many。如：
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘⼦⾥有多少⽚⾯包？
情人节的花善问⼤王：名词可数不可数有这么多的注意点啊！这下我可全知道了！Thank you very much. Mr Zhang！
Mr Zhang：You're welcome.
“⾏⾏⾊⾊”的名词所有格
在英语中，特别是表⽰有⽣命的名词，可以加's 表⽰所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
⼀、名词词尾加's 的所有格
1.⼀般情况在名词后加's。例如：
That girl's coat is in the room. 那个⼥孩的⾐服在房间⾥。
2.在以s 结尾的名词(包括以s 结尾的复数名词)后⾯，只加'。如果复数名词不是以s 结尾的，末尾也要加's。例如：
Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九⽉⼗⽇，教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. ⼉童节
马上就要到了，我应该为我的⼉⼦买⼀些新东西。
3.表⽰词组内的并列名词各⾃的所有关系时，须在各个名词后加's；如果⼀个东西为两个⼈或者两个以
上的⼈共同拥有，只在最后⼀个名词后⾯加's。例如：They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯
特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了！
He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4.表⽰某⼈的家、店铺等的所有格，⼀般可以省略它后⾯所修饰的名词。例如：
My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
We will have our hair cut at the barber's
(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。
5.有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以加's 构成所有格。例如:
There is something important in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸上有⼀些重要的东西。
It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步⾏⼤约需要⼗分钟。
6.英语名词所有格修饰的词，如果前⾯已经提到过，后⾯则可以省略，以防⽌重复。例如：
This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's. 这不是迪克的字典，但是是汤姆的。
⼆、由of 短语构成的所有格
1.表⽰“⽆⽣命的名词”⼀般与of 构成短语，表⽰所有关系。例如：
There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另⼀边有⼀条河。
2.有时我们⽤名词+ of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如：
This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是⼀张布朗先⽣的照⽚。
不⽤定冠词的⼋项纪律
今天，我们从⼋个⽅⾯来学习⼀下哪些时候不⽤定冠词“the”。
⼀、定冠词不与表⽰⼀类⼈或事物的复数名词连⽤。例如:
1.I like reading the books.(×) I like reading books.(√)
2.She likes the cats.(×) She likes cats.(√)
⼆、定冠词不能⽤在某些习惯⽤语中的名词前⾯。例如:
1.I have lunch at the noon.(×) I have lunch at noon.(√)
2.We go to school by the bus.(×) We go to school by bus.(√)
三、定冠词不能⽤在某些专⽤名词和不可数名词前⾯。例如:
1.I like the China.(×) I like China.(√)
2.Would you like a cup of the water? (×)
Would you like a cup of water?(√)
四、定冠词不能⽤在节⽇、⽇期、⽉份、季节前⾯。例如:
1.Today is the Teachers’ Day. (×)
Today is Teachers’Day.(√)
2.He was born in the May in 1987. (×)
He was born in May in 1987. (√)
五、定冠词不能⽤在表⽰称呼语或某些头衔的名词前⾯(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如:
1.Good morning, the sir!(×)
Good morning, sir! (√)
2.I need some help, the Mummy.(×)侮辱的近义词是>体育运动项目
I need some help, Mummy.(√)
六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语⽤的this, that, my, your, some,any 等代词连⽤。例如:
1.This the pen is mine. (×)
This pen is mine.(√)
2.I have the some money. (×)
红颜知己和蓝颜知己的区别
I have some money. (√)
七、定冠词不能⽤在表⽰科⽬名词的前⾯。例如:
1.We will learn the Chine, the history and the Maths this afternoon. (×)
We will learn Chine, history and Maths this afternoon.(√)
2.The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(×)
English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(√)
⼋、定冠词不能⽤在三餐和球类运动名词的前⾯。例如:
1.She goes to school after the breakfast every morning.(×)
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.(√)
2.We often play the football after school. (×)
We often play football after school. (√)
介词for 的⽤法⼩结
1.表⽰“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把⾯包和⽜奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper?我们晚餐吃什么?
2.表⽰理由或原因，意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽⼼地教我们。
3.表⽰动作的对象或接受者，意为“给……”、“对…… (⽽⾔)”。如:
库里图片Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4.表⽰时间、距离，意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步⼀⼩时。
We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那⾥逗留两天。
5.表⽰去向、⽬的，意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
