雅思（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编11 (题后含答案及解析)六年级下册数学练习题
题型有：1.
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are bad on Reading Passage 1 below.The Origins of LaughterWhile joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, laugh. The fact that they laugh suggests that laughter has been around for a lot longer than we have.There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. “Laughter evolved as a signal to others — it almost disappears when we are alone,” says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as “初中数学小报e you later”, rather than anything particularly funny. And the way we laugh depends on the company we’re keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are prent, possibly indicating flirtation or even submission.To find the origins of laughter, Provine belie
ves we need to look at play. He points out that the masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and the original context is play. Well-known primate watchers, including Dian Fosy and Jane Goodall, have long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they produce is known as a pant laugh. It ems obvious when you watch their behavior — they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But after removing the context, the parallel between human laughter and a chimp’有关植物的作文s characteristic pant laugh is not so clear. When Provine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guesd correctly what it was.The findings underline how chimp and human laughter vary. When we laugh the sound is usually produced by chopping up a single exhalation into a ries of shorter with one sound produced on each inward and outward breath. The question is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own laughter? New rearch lends weight to the idea that it does. The findings come from Elke Zimmerman, head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in respon to tickling during the first year of their life. Using sound spectro
graphs to reveal the pitch and intensity of vocalizations, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same pattern. Zimmerman believes the cloness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure.Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years ago, but animals might have been laughing long before that. More distantly related primates, including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social mammals can do too. Scientists are currently testing such stories with a comparative analysis of just how common laughter is among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from rearch done by Jaak Pankpp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in respon to tickling.All this still doesn半夜不要照镜子’t answer the question of why we laugh at all. One idea is that laughter and tickling originated as a way of aling t
he relationship between mother and child. Another is that the reflex respon to tickling is protective, alerting us to the prence of crawling creatures that might harm us or compelling us to defend the parts of our bodies that are most vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat. But the idea that has gained the most popularity in recent years is that laughter in respon to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their trust in one another. This hypothesis starts from the obrvation that although a little tickle can be enjoyable, if it goes on too long it can be torture. By engaging in a bout of tickling, we put ourlves at the mercy of another individual, and laughing is what makes it a reliable signal of trust, according to Tom Flamson, a laughter rearcher at the University of California, Los Angels. “Even in rats, laughter, tickle, play and trust are linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play,” says Flamson. “The chirps can be aroud by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly ems like a show of trust.嗓音”We’股东分红方案ll never know which animal laughed the first laugh, or why. But we can be sure it wasn人物品质的四字词语’类别多的成语t in respon to a prehistoric joke. The funny thing is that while the origins of laughter are probably quite rious, we owe human laughter and our language-bad humor to the same unique skill.
While other animals pant, we alone can control our breath well enough to produce the sound of laughter. Without that control there would also be no speech — and no jokes to endure.Questions 1-6Look at the following rearch findings(Questions 1-6)and the list of people below.Match each finding with the correct person, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.NB You may u any letter more than once.List of PeopleA ProvineB ZimmermanC PankppD Flamson
