属蛇五行属什么You look at that river gently flowing by. You notice the leaves rustling with the wind. You hear the birds. You hear the tree frogs. In the distance, you hear a cow. You feel the grass. The mud gives a little bit on the river bank. It's quiet. It's peaceful. And all of a sudden, It's a gear shift inside you. And it's like taking a deep breath and going, "Oh, yeah, I forgot about this." This is the first picture of the Earth from space that any of us ever saw. It was taken on Christmas Eve, 1968 during the Apollo within relatively comfortable boundaries. But we are filling up that thin shell of atmosphere with pollution. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Al Gore. I am AI Gore. I ud to be the next president of the United States Of America. I don't find that particularly funny. I've been trying to tell this story for a long time, and I feel as if I've failed to get the message across. I was in politics for a long time and I'm proud of my rvice. You gotta be kidding me. This is a national disaster. Get every doggone Greyhound bus line in the country, and ving to New Orleans. That's them thinking small, man, and this is a major, major, major deal. What do you need right now? There are good people, who are in politics in both parties who hold this at arm's length becau if they acknowledge it and recognize it, then the moral imperative to make big changes unless you fix the biggest damn crisis in the history of scouted out landing spots and they lost radio contact when they went around the dark side of the moon. And there was inevitably some suspen. Then when they came back in radio contact, they looked up and they snapped this picture, and it became known as Earth Ri. And t
hat one picture exploded in the consciousness of humankind. It leads to dramatic changes. Within 18 months of this picture, the modern environmental movement had begun. The next picture was taken on the last of the Apollo missions, Apollo 1 7. This one was taken on December 11 , 1972, and it is the most commonly published photograph in all of history. And it's the only picture of the Earth from space that we have where the sun was directly behind the spacecraft so that the Earth is fully lit up and not partly in darkness. The next image I'm gonna show you has almost never been en. It was taken by a spacecraft called The Galileo that went out to explore the solar system. And as it was leaving Earth's gravity, it turned its cameras around and took a time lap picture of one day's worth of rotation, here compresd into 24 conds. Isn't that beautiful? This image is a magical image in a way was made by a friend of mine, Tom Van Sant. He took 3,000 parate satellite pictures taken over a three-year period, digitally stitched together. And he cho images that would give a cloud-free view of every square inch of the Earth's surface. All of the land mass accurately portrayed. When that's all spread out, it becomes an icon
ic image. I show this becau I wanna tell you a story about two teachers I had. One that I didn't like that much, the other who is a real hero to me. I had a grade school teacher who taught geography by pulling a map of the world down in front of the blackboard. I had a classmate in the sixth grade wh
o raid his hand and he pointed to the outline of the east coast of South America and he pointed to the west coast of Africa and he asked, ''Did they ever fit together?'' And the teacher said, ''Of cour not. That's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard.'' That student went on to become a drug addict and a ne'er-do-well. The teacher went on to become science advisor in the current administration. But, you know, the teacher was actually reflecting the conclusion of the scientific establishment of that time. Continents are so big, obviously they don't move. But, actually, as we now know, they did move. They moved apart from one another. But at one time they did, in fact, fit together. But that assumption was a problem. It reflected the well-known wisdom that what gets us into trouble is not what we don't know, it's what we know for sure that just ain't so. This is actually an important point, believe it or not, becau there is another such assumption that a lot of people have in their minds right now about global warming that just ain't so. The assumption is something like this. The Earth is so big we can't possibly have any lasting harmful impact on the Earth's environment. And maybe that was true at one time, but it's not anymore. And one of the reasons it's not true anymore is that the most vulnerable part of the Earth's ecological system is the atmosphere. Vulnerable becau it's so thin. My friend, the late ~1~ Carl Sagan, ud to say, ''If you had a big globe with a coat of varnish on it, ''the thickness of that varnish relative to that globe ''is pretty much the same ''as the thickness of the Earth's atmosphere ''compared to the Earth itlf.'' And it's thin enough that we are capable of
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changing its composition. That brings up the basic science of global warming. And I'm not gonna spend a lot of time on this becau you know it well. The sun's radiation comes in the form of light waves and that heats up the Earth. And then some of the radiation that is absorbed and warms the Earth is reradiated back into space in the form of infrared radiation. And some of the outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by this layer of atmosphere and held inside the atmosphere. And that's a good thing becau it keeps the temperature of the Earth within certain boundaries, keeps it relatively constant and livable. But the problem is this thin layer of atmosphere is being thickened by all of the global warming pollution that's being put up there. And what that does is it thickens this layer of atmosphere, more of the outgoing infrared is trapped. And so the atmosphere heats up worldwide. That's global warming. Now, that's the traditional explanation. Here's
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what I think is a better explanation. Global warming or none like it hot! You're probably wondering why your ice cream went away. Well, Susie, the culprit isn't foreigners. It's global warming. global …? Yeah. Meet Mr. Sunbeam. He comes all the way from the sun to visit Earth. Hello, Earth. Just popping in to brighten your day.la la la.. And now I'll be on my way. Not so fast, Sunbeam. We're greenhou gas. You ain't going nowhere. Oh, God, it hurts. Pretty soon, Earth is chock-full of Sunbeams. Their rotting corps heating our atmosphere. How do we get rid of the greenhou gras
s? Fortunately, our handsomest politicians came up with a cheap, last-minute way to combat global warming. Ever since 2063, we simply drop a giant ice cube into the ocean every now and then. Just like Daddy puts in his drink every morning. And then he gets mad. Of cour, since the greenhou gas are still building up, it takes more and more ice each time. Thus, solving the problem once and for all. - -Once and for all! This is the image that started me in my interest in this issue..And I saw it when I was a college student becau I had a professor named Roger Revelle who was the first person to propo measuring carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. He saw where the story was going after the first few chapters. After the first few years of data, he intuited what it meant for what was yet to come. They designed the experiment in 1957. He hired Charles David Keeling who was very faithful and preci in making the measurements for decades. They started nding the weather balloons up every day and they cho the middle of the Pacific becau it was the area that was most remote. And he was a very hard-nod scientist. He really emphasized the hard data. It was a wonderful time for me becau, like a lot of young people, I came into contact with intellectual ferment, ideas that I'd never considered in my wildest dreams before. And he showed our class the results of his measurements after only a few years. It was startling to me. Now he was startled and made it clear to our class what he felt the significance of it was. And I just soaked it up like a sponge. He drew the connections between the larger changes 摩羯女和白羊男>偏头疼吃什么药管用
in our civilization and this pattern that was now visible in the atmosphere of the entire planet. And then he projected into the future where this was headed unless we made some adjustments. And it was just as clear as day. After the first ven, eight, nine years, you could e the pattern that was developing. But I asked a question. Why is it that it goes up and down once each year? And he explained that if you look at the land mass of the Earth, very little of it is south of the equator. The vast majority of it is north of the equator, and most of the vegetation is north of the equator. And so, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, as it is in our spring and summer, the leaves come out and they breathe in carbon dioxide, and the
amount in the atmosphere goes down. But when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, as it is in our fall and winter, the leaves fall and exhale carbon dioxide, and the amount in the atmosphere goes back up again. And so, it's as if the entire Earth once each year breathes in and out. So we started measuring carbon dioxide in 1958. And you can e that by the middle '60s, when he showed my class this image, it was ~2~ already clear that it was going up. I respected him and learned from him so much, I followed this. And when I went to the Congress in the middle 1970s, I helped to organize the first hearings on global warming and asked my professor to come and be the leadoff witness. And I thought that would have such a big impact, we'd be on the way to solving this
problem, but it didn't work that way. But I kept having hearings. And in 1984 I went to the Senate and really dug deeply into this issue with science roundtables and the like. I wrote a book about it, ran for President in 1988, partly to try to gain some visibility for that issue. And in 1992 went to the White Hou. We pasd a version of a carbon tax and some other measures to try to address this. Went to Kyoto in 1997 to help get a treaty that's so controversial, in the US at least. In 2000, my opponent pledged to regulate CO2 That was not a pledge that was kept. But the point of this is all this time you can e what I have en all the years. It just keeps going up. It is relentless. And now we're beginning to e the impact in the real world. This is Mount Kilimanjaro more than 30 years ago and more recently. And a friend of mine just came back from Kilimanjaro with a picture he took a couple of months ago. Another friend, Lonnie Thompson, studies glaciers. Here's Lonnie with a last sliver of one of the once mighty glaciers. Within the decade there will be no more snows of Kilimanjaro. This is happening in Glacier National Park. I climbed to the top of this in 1998 with one of my daughters. Within 15 years, this will be the park formerly known as Glacier. Here is what's been happening year by year to the Columbia Glacier. It just retreats every single year. And it's a shame 'cau the glaciers are so beautiful. But tho who go up to e them, here's what they're eing every day, now. In the Himalayas there's a particular problem becau 40% of all the people in the world get their drinking water from rivers and spring systems that are fed more than half by the
melt water coming off the glaciers. And within this next half century tho 40% of the people on Earth are gonna face a very rious shortage becau of this melting. Italy, the Italian Alps. Same sight today. An old postcard from Switzerland. Throughout the Alps, we're eing the same story. It's also true in South America. This is Peru 15 years ago. And the same glacier today. This is Argentina 20 years ago. Same glacier today. Seventy-five years ago in Patagonia on the tip of South America.卸载的英文
This vast expan of ice is now gone. There's a message in this. There's a message in this. It is worldwide. And the ice has stories to tell us. My friend, Lonnie Thompson, digs core drills in the ice. They dig down. And they bring the core drills back up and they look at the ice and they study it. When the snow falls, it traps little bubbles of atmosphere and they can go in and measure how much CO2 was in the atmosphere the year that that snow fell. What's even more interesting, I think, is they can measure the different isotopes of oxygen and figure out a very preci thermometer and tell you what the temperature was the year that that bubble was trapped in the snow as it fell. When I was in Antarctica, I saw cores like this. And a guy looked at it. He said, ''Right here is where the US Congress pasd the Clean Air Act.'' And I couldn't believe it. But you can e the difference with the naked eye. Just a couple of years after that law was pasd, it's very clearly distinguishable. They can count back year by year the same way a forester reads tree rings. And you can e each annual
骨的构造包括layer from the melting and re-freezing, so they can go back in a lot of the mountain glaciers 1 ,000 years. And they constructed a thermometer of the temperature. The blue is cold and the red is warm. Now, I show this for a couple of reasons. Number one, the so-called skeptics will sometimes say, ''Oh, this whole thing, this is a cyclical phenomenon. ''There was a medieval warming period, after all.'' Well, yeah, there was. There it is, right there. There are two others. But compared to what's going on now, there's just no comparison. So if you look at 1 ,000 years' worth of temperature and compare it to 1 ,000 years of CO2, you can e how cloly they fit together. Now, 1 ,000 years of CO2 in the mountain glaciers, that's one thing. But in Antarctica, they can go back 650,000 years. This incidentally is the first time anybody outside of a small group of scientists has en this image. This is the prent day era, and that's the last ice age. Then it goes up. We're going back in time now 650,000 years. That's the period of warming between the ~3~ last two ice ages. That's the cond and third ice age back. Fourth, fifth, sixth and venth ice age back. Now, an important point. In all of this time 650,000 years, the CO2 level has never gone above 300 parts per million. Now, as I said, they can also measure temperature. Here's what the temperature has been on our Earth. Now, one thing that kind of jumps out at Well, let me put it this way. If my classmate from the sixth grade that talked about Africa and South America were here, he would say, ''Did they ever fit together?'' ''Most ridiculous thing I've ever heard.'' But they did, of cour. And the relationship is act
论文结论怎么写ually very complicated. But there is one relationship that is far more powerful than all the others and it is this. When there is more carbon dioxide, the temperature gets warmer becau it
