上海交通大学英语语言学真题2005年
(总分96, 做题时间180分钟)
dkp制度
Ⅰ
石榴石手链Define the following linguistic terms with at least one appropriate example for each.
1. Assimilation
该问题分值: 4
答案:
贵在真实Assimilation. It is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. It is often ud synonymously with co-articulation. Nasalization, dentalization and velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation: if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, it is regressive assimilation; the conver process, in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound, is known as progressive assimilation. For example, in "mink", "n", which is originally pronounced as /n/, will be velarized by the following "k" /k/, and therefore the word will be pronounced as
2. Functional morpheme
该问题分值: 4
西羌
答案:
Functional morpheme. This is a subtype of free morphemes, which one consists largely of the functional words in language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns, for example, "and, about when on, near, the" and so on.
3.喂奶姐 Concord (or: Agreement)
该问题分值: 4
答案:
Concord (or Agreement) may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word class that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another, shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category (or ca
tegories). For instance, the syntactic relationship between this pen and it in the following dialogue:
—Who is this pen?
—Oh, it's the one I lost.
本题考查一致关系的定义，考生也应了解语法范畴中的性、数、格等重要概念。
4. Backformation
该问题分值: 4
答案:
89年的Backformation. It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is de
rived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from "editor" the word "edit" was generated.
5. Register
该问题分值: 4
答案:
Register. It is a speech variety ud by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itlf from other registers by having a number of distinctive words, by using words or phras in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions. For example, there is the register of military language, register of political language, and so on.
6. Polymy
该问题分值: 4
答案:
Polymy. It refers to the fact that one word may have veral related meanings. For example, the word "bank" is polymous in the n that it can mean a financial establishment or the slope of land adjoining a river, lake and the like.
7. Interlanguage
蔬菜牛肉粥
该问题分值: 4
答案:
Interlanguage. It refers to the type of language constructed by cond or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It's a language system between the target language and the learner's native language, and **pared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner's native language. For example, when a Chine student is learning English, he may make errors like "to touch the society".
8. The critical period
苏轼是什么朝代的
该问题分值: 4
答案:
The critical period. The critical period refers to a time period (usually from the age of 2 to puberty), in which children have a special propensity for acquiring language, and after which language learning will be more difficult and incomplete. Typical examples are the well-known Victor's and Genie's cas.
9. Indirect speech act
该问题分值: 4
答案:
According to Searle, indirect speech acts refers to the kind of speech acts, or illocutionary acts, in which one illocutionary act is performed by way of performing another. For examp
le, the ntence "Could you do this for me?", in spite of the meaning of the lexical items and the interrogative illocutionary force-indicating devices is not characteristically uttered as a subjunctive question concerning your abilities; it is characteristically uttered as a request.
本题考查间接言语行为定义，考生也应了解会话含义、合作原则、关联理论等语用学涉及的重要概念。
Ⅱ
Answer the following questions with examples.
1. What are the dates roughly associated with the three historical periods in the development of the English language?
该问题分值: 12
答案:
In the development of the English language, there are three periods, namely, Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.
Old English. The primary sources for what developed as the Englsih language were the Germanic language spoken by the three tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes from northern Europe who invaded the British Isles in the 5th century AD.
Middle English. The event which marks the end of the Old English period and the beginning of the Middle English period, is the arrival of the Norman French in England in 1066.
Modem English. Around the end of the 15th century, English had gradually lost most of its Old English inflection, and its pronunciation and word order cloly rembled tho of today.
