Text A What Is a Decision?
第一段：
1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative cours of action that are available.
made 是过去分词，作choice的定语，可改为定语从句which / that is made …，from among是双重介词结构，除from以外，还有until、but、except后面可再跟介词短语。
2. The purpo of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.
该句中to establish and achieve …是不定式短语，充当句子表语成分。
3. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
句中介词for与前面名词reason搭配，表示"…的理由"。另外，当reason充当句子主语时，该句表语从句必须以that引导。句中in the way意为"妨碍、阻碍"，way的搭配还有on the way（在…的路上）、by the way（顺便问一下、顺便说一句）。
第二段：
1. Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management.
该句中be fundamental to意为be important to
2. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.
该句第一分句的主谓结构是everything involves decisions，everything 是主语，故谓语必须有"s"标记。句中a manager does 为定语从句，前面省略了关系代词that。此处切不可使用which。第二分句中suggest意为"提出、认为"。若表示"建议"，其宾语从句则必须使用虚拟语气，动词为：(should) do型。
3. Although managers cannot predict future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events.
该句中require意为"要求"，其宾语从句中也必须使用虚拟语气，动词为：(should) do型。
4. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions.
春节的来历50字
句中make a guess at 意为"猜一猜"，注意介词at；what引导的是一名词性从句，作宾语；chance在此处表示"偶然性"。
5. Sometimes the conquences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are rious.
该句slight和rious显然为反义词，前者意为"轻"，后者表示"严重"。
第三段：
问题整改
1. Choice is the opportunity to lect among alternatives.
该句名词opportunity后面的to lect …是定语成分，因opportunity 与动词lect之间没有任何逻辑主谓关系，故以不定式作定语。
2. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.
该句中there is no decision to be made也可写成there is no decision making。
3. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice.
此句中range是名词，表示"范围"，它还可作动词，意为"在…范围内变化"，常与from …to…搭配。
水果play
早会流程及内容4. For example, a student may be able to choo among a number of different cours in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.
a number of表示"许多"，后接可数名词的复数形式，而the number of则表示"…的数量"；in order to表示"为
了"。
5. For managers, every decision has constraints bad on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.直纹曲面
bad on …在句中充当constraints的定语成分，可改写为定语从句which are bad on …，be bad on意为"
以…为基础、以…为根据、建立在…基础之上"；and the like相当于and so on，表示"等等"。
6. The constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
元的组词该句exist是不及物动词。
第四段
1. Alternatives are the possible cours of action from which choices can be made.
from which …是定语从句，修饰cours of action，表示"可从中进行选择的可能的行动方案"。
2. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, no decision.
3. If no alternatives are en, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done.
该句意为"If you can't e any alternative, often it means that you haven't examined the problems thoroughly."
4. For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems.
比较sometimes, some times, sometime, some time：它们分别表示"有时"、"几次"、"（将来）某个时候"、"一段时间"。
5. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
blind sb to sth意为"使某人看不到…"。
第五段：
1. At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.
本段仅一句，as well as 表示"不仅…而且…"，但和not only …but also …结构有区别，当使用as well as 时，被强调的成分在前，而在not only …but also结构中，被强调的成分在后。例如：I have studied French as well as English. = I have studied not only English but also French.
第六段：
1. Decision makers must have some way of determining which of veral alternatives is best--that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
some 接"单数可数名词"时，表示"某种、某个"；接"复数可数名词"时，表示"一些"。Contribute to 意思是"
促使、促进、有助于"。
2. An organizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the organization eks to reach.
ek to do相当于try to do，意思是"力求做某事"；the organization eks to reach前面省略了which 或that，是一定语从句。
3. Becau individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.
depend on意思是"依靠、依赖"。英语中表示"依靠、依赖"的动词有不少，而且常与on搭配，例如：rely on, live on, feed on, rest on, draw on等等。who makes the decision是宾语从句。
4. Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger organization.
句中decisions有两个定语从句，都由that 引导，but连接两个that从句；less than后接数词时表示"少于、不到"，而此句中less than后接形容词，意思是"不太、不那么"，例如：less than happy（不太高兴），less than perfect （不太完美）。
5. Called suboptimization, this is a trade-off that increas the advantages to one unit or function but decreas the advantages to another unit or function.
句首called …是过去分词短语，表示被动，充当状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语this。
6. For example, the marketing manager may argue effectively for an incread advertising budget.
句首for example是短语，意思是"例如"，它不同于such as，前者常接句子，后者则接名词，因为as 是介词；
argue for意为"赞成、力主、为…作争辩"。
7. In the larger scheme of things, however, incread funding for rearch to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
however常作插入语，意思是"然而"；be beneficial to表示"对…有益、对…有好处"。
第七段
手工鸟窝
1. The trade-offs occur becau the are many objectives that organizations wish to attain simultaneously.
occur是不及物动词，意思是appear（出现）或happen（发生）；that引导定语从句，修饰objectives；simultaneously 意为"同时"，另有at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile等短语。
2. Some of the objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from
person to person and from department to department.
vary from person to person意思是"因人而异"，vary后面可与from …to …搭配，表示"在…范围内变化、变动"；另有动词range，后面也可与from …to …搭配，但是，当from与in后面所接名词相同时，只可用vary。例如：
Marriage customs vary from country to country.婚俗因国家而异。
The ages of the children range / vary from 10 to 15.这些孩子的年龄从１０岁到１５岁变化不等。
3. Different managers define the same problem in different terms.
in常与terms搭配使用，in different terms意思是"以不同的说法"。
4. When prented with a common ca, sales managers tend to e sales problems, production managers e production problems, and so on.
when prented with…是when加上过去分词短语，作时间状语，这是when they are prented with …之省略；
prent sb with sth和prent sth for sb是prent的两种常用搭配，意为"把…呈现/呈交/赠送给某人"；具有同样双宾结构的动词还有：provide, supply, furnish；tend to do sth意为"倾向于做某事、往往会做某事"。
第八段：
1. The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also bad, in part, on the values of the decision maker.
食用油品牌
be bad on是固定搭配（第三段第5句出现过），意思是"以…为基础、以…为根据、建立在…基础之上"；
in part（部分地）= partially = partly。
2. Such values are personal; they are hard to understand, even by the individual, becau they are so dynamic and complex.
they are hard to understand中的不定式to understand形式上是主动结构，实际是被动意义。在"主语+ be + hard / difficult / easy / simple to do"句型中，不定式以主动形式来表示被动意义。例如：The problem is difficult to solve. 这个问题难以解决。
3. In many business situations different people's values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cau disagreement about the correctness of decisions.
cau意为"导致、引起"，同义的还有：bring about, lead to, result in, give birth to等等。
第九段：
