作文笔记整理
Issue部分
一、Issue写作特点以及写作要点
（一）题干特点
1.显逻辑命题：所见即所得
（四）反证法
With A ____.
Without A, ______.
四、Issue写作要注意的细节问题
1. 往往一些绝对化的词汇是写作的切入点。
2. 注意逻辑联结词的使用，关联词的使用是否得当非常重要。关联词能够从表面体现你的文章的逻辑性是否强，
实际上也可以有效地欺骗改作文的那个计算机。E-rator
①先后次序：previously 先前的; anteriorly? 早期的; originally 起初的; simultaneously 与此同时;
coinstantaneously ; eventually ; ultimately
②因果关系：duo to ; hens ; owing to ; in respect that ; in virtue of ; on account of ; resultantly 于是，结果是;
thereupon ; whereupon
③转折关系：yet ; but yet 强转折; whereas ; howbeit 强转折; nevertheless ; instead ; notwithstanding 但是，
然而; converly 相反地
④递进关系：additionally ; withal 进一步说; ulteviorty? ; detailedly? ; minutely ; specifically
⑤类比关系：similarly ; approximatively? ; analogously ; likewi ; by the same token ; in like manner
⑥强调关系：undoubtedly ; determinately ; undeniably ; demonstrably ; definitely ; assuredly ; authentically ;
without rervations宝宝睡袋
3. 语言上要注意的事情：
1）承上启下（过渡）段与段之间/段落内部——用信号词（见教材）
2）句式变换
①长短句结合（两长一短）；
②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句切换：
… not …→miss, fail, lack, in short of, deny, refu, reject
③主动→被动（多用，体现客观性）
3）词汇多样性
8组宏观词汇：
①认为、思考：
Think —conceive ; acknowledge ; consider ; to one’s knowledge ; contemplate ; suppo ; assume ; maintain ;
insist ; personally ; from the personal perspective ; in one’s eyes
②重要的：
important —influential ; crucial ; vital ; esntial ; profound ; significant ; play a pushing role ; be of great significance
③说明、表明：
show —reflect ; reveal ; convey ; confirm 证实了; demonstrate 阐明; illustrate 阐明; justify 证明;河南省医保
indicate ; disclo ; signify ; throw light on/upon 说明、阐明; review 揭示了; imply ; exhibit 展示
④引起、引发：
arou —ignite ; stimulate ; spur ; motivate ; give ri to ; render
⑤困难、复杂：
hard —intractable ; involved ; troublesome ; tough ; complicated ; complex ; stubborn ; sphinx-riddle
⑥方法、提议：
way —solution ; approach ; scheme ; proposal ; recipe ; recommendation ; remedy
⑦普遍的、急迫的：
popular —pervasive ; prevalent ; rampant ; pressing ; urgent ; bumming
⑧分歧、一致性：
(dis)agreement ; debate ; controversy ; dispute ; connsus ; coherence ; consistency
其他：
现象、命题：issue ; event 事件; occurrence incident 事件的发生
热门、流行的：pervasive ; prevalent 普遍的; rampant (rampancy(n.)) 泛滥; urgent ; pressing 紧急的;
burning迫切的
争论、争议：controversy ; dispute n.争议; argument ; debate手相怎么看
建议、方法：scheme ; solution ; recipe ; approach
褒义词：effectual 有效的; valid ; efficacious 有效力的(>effectual) ; sound ; resultful 可行的，有效的
否定词：fail ; miss ; deny ; refu ; decline ; reject ; lack (of) ; in ignorance of 在对…无知的状态中
半否定：ldom ; hardly ; rarely
4）语法错误尽量少（十个以内小错误不会影响拿5分）
5）标点（见教材）避免用“！”显得不理性
6）语言与证据：用好“小宝老师写作工具箱”黄书p198
五~十详见讲义；以下为笔记内容：
句子表达变化性
一、并列
（一）并列大量名词：n1,n2,n3,…,and nn.
——A,B,C,…and other Xs…
由具体（小）到抽象（大）的并列原则。
——X(概念), such [T](范围) as A,B,C…
由大到小，抽象→具体，并列原则。
eg. 1. History, philosophy, fundamental, mathematics and other abstract subjects have to be learned from books, or primarily from books.
2. Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history … has to be ….
（二）并列形容词性成分。
——a1 and a2 + n.
eg. 1. a small town
→a small and peaceful town
2. a good teacher
→a good and very impressive teacher
——a.1 + yet/but +a.2 + n. (描述事物的矛盾性&多面性)
eg. 1. a simple yet effective method
2. obvious yet not the most significant reason
3. an irrational yet understandable decision
——a.1, a.2 + n. + that … (把一些修饰语放在中心词后面更地道)
Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least
veral quarters without giving any esntial information.
(补: Without art, a society can survive but can never thrive. 押韵，有加分)
听证通知书
（三）并列副词性成分
——ad.1 and ad.2
eg. We need to analyze the proposition comprehensively and sustematically.
——ad.1 + yet/but + ad.2
eg. The system runs simply yet effectively.
——ad.1, ad.2, + prep. (通过这种形式对一个动作完成定性+定量的描述)
eg. 1. a conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration of all possible …
2. He prepares his lecture carefully, systematically, and with the full consideration.
（四）并列动词，伴随结构
——… v.1 … , v.2ing(ed) … , v.3ing(ed) …表原因、伴随etc.
eg. An abnt-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intenly focud, often preparing nothing in advance?, wondering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.
二、重复成分
（一）重复形容词（①强调；②拆分结构）
——… adj. … , so adj. that / as to …
eg. In fact, history is interesting, so interesting that many are …
（二）重复名词（拆分结构）
——… n. , n. that …
eg. Parents and other adults often give merely a dogmatic answer to a rious question from a curious child, an answer that makes no n at all, and might have negative conquence in the future.
——n. + 同位语结构解释
eg. Owing to the prent examinations-oriented education system, most children are too heavily burdened the learn little about the society, the real world outside their family.
——A, (B), C.（插入）
eg. NOS is special.
NOS, a training school, is special.（同位语插入）
班级里的新鲜事NOS, founded by OF, is special.（分词结构插入）
NOS, along with NOCS, is special.（介词结构插入）
介词之前，同位语中，分词结构置后。
Along with NOCS, NOS, a training school, founded by OF, is special.
“正正反补”辩证体系
微信昵称正：指出好处，解释；
正：为什么，进一步解释；
反：过度的…会带来弊端；
补：（“竞争中有合作：合作中鼓励竞争，指出合作的重要性”）
一、开头段的设计
①引出话题背景，发起讨论；（必修）
②表明分析方法；（选修）
③概括原题结论以及结论隐含的前提与条件；（必修）
④指出命题复杂性；（必修）
⑤建立分析模型，构建论述层次；（选修）
问句引发讨论背景？（表明分析方法）In respon to this issue, need to analyze the proposition comprehensively from the dialectic the nature of the truth by critical analysis of concepts and hypothes. ③The anther declares that 简述原作者观点, however, it oversimplifies this issue. ④The final judgment it my point of view, should depend on a ca-by-ca analysis.⑤
清算程序二、正文段设计
（一）逻辑拓展方法与结构
TS主题句
坏处.
（以下
（程
debasing impact on ____; for the society, it may promote the tendency toward ___.
（六）正文4段——“补”的论述过程
To successfully curb such unfavorable blights, it is imperative for us to take veral efficacious steps into consideration in discour. At the community level, we should appeal to the authority to work out relevant regulations to ___. At the personal level, we should cultivate and enhance people’s awareness that ____. At the financing level, ___ should pour more investment into ___. Conquently, it is such belief in a brighter future that gives us such inspiration and optimism.
qq等级计算
