A Collegiate Cour in English-Chine Translation
授课班级：09英语教育5﹑6﹑7班
贺一舟
The Nature of Translation Chapter One: The Nature, Criterion and Requirement of Translation
1. What is translation?
Discuss with your partners:
关于陪伴的句子How do you perceive translation?
As a language activity?
As an art?
As a kind of cross-cultural communication?
As a job?
As a subject?
A language activity: one of the five skills in learning English
An art: the process as well as the product
Communication: translation or die
Job: for some people, it is a job
Subject: to learn translation theory and skills, it is no doubt a science.
Translation is also a good way to develop your own language, both native and foreign language.
the nature of translation
“transfer of a text from a source language into a text in target language, the objective bein
g a perfect equivalence of meaning between the two texts.”(Tanke ,1976)
Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural interaction bad on a source text. （Nord：2001
Translation is a science/ an art/ a craft/ a skill/ an operation/ a cross-linguistic communication/ a cross-cultural communication/
Translation means translating meanings(Nida).
the rules of translation
Alexander Frar Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) :
The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
The translation should have all the ea of the original composition
Yanfu (1898):
faithfulness,
fluency
and elegance
Eugene A. Nida: “Theory of Equivalent Effect”
Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos
钱钟书：化境
Sublimed adaptation
傅雷：
“神似”论spiritual conformity
维克兹Polysystem translation theory
Deconstruction theory
Culture turn in translation
Process of Translation：comprehending, expressing and checking
2.
1.1. 翻译是跨语言（cross-linguistic）,跨文化（cross-cultural）,跨社会（cross-social）的交际活动。
1.2. 翻译是一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言﹑跨文化的交际活动。
1.3. 翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。意义的交流必须通过语言来实现，而每种语言都是一个独特文化的部分和载体。我们在转换一个文本的语言信息时，也在传达其蕴含的文化意义。翻译的本质是释义，是意义的转换。
1.4. Oxford English Dictionary：To turn from one language into another.
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language:
To turn into one’s own or another language
Eugene A. Nida
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the clost natural② equivalence ③ of the source-language message ①, first in terms of meaning④ and condly in terms of style⑤.
[1]再现原文的信息（message）,而不是保持原文的形式结构
[2]clot, natural
[3] equivalence 对等；对等≠同一
[4] meaning first
[5] style is also important
1. 翻译是一种语言活动过程，同时又是该活动的结果。
2.翻译过程不仅涉及两种语言，而且还涉及两种社会文化。
3.造句什么像什么翻译是一项创造性地实践活动。
4.交叉学科。
5.翻译是一门艺术。
1.5.翻译的分类
按语言分类：
Intralingual translation 语内翻译
Interlingual translation 语际翻译
按活动形式分类：
Translation
Oral interpretation
Machine translation
按翻译材料的文体分类：
应用文体、科技文体、论述文体、新闻问题、政论等
按处理方式：
全译、节译、摘译、编译、述译
1.6.1.7.翻译的标准
西方翻译理论
中国传统翻译理论
西方翻译理论
Alexander F. Tytler
That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
That the translation should have all the ea of original composition.
中国传统翻译理论
严复：
《天演论》信、达、雅
Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance
傅雷：“神似”说
以效果而论，翻译应该像临画一样，所求不在形似而在神似
钱钟书：“化境”
既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保持原有的风味，那就算的入于化境了。
1.7.翻译的要求：p8.
Assignments: Exercis on Page 9.
Chapter Two: Process of Translation
Accurate Comprehension→Adequate Reprentation
Process of Translation
comprehending,
expressing
and checking.
For example:
sophisticated
只若初见什么意思Sophisticated man: 老于世故的人
Sophisticated woman: 狡黠的女人
Sophisticated columnist: 老练的专栏作家
Sophisticated electronic device: 高度精密的电子仪器
Sophisticated weapon: 尖端武器
The developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population, and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。
The level of education of women still falls short of the proclaimed goals.
妇女受教育的水平尚未达到宣布的目标。
克服翻译症 （translatione化学反应平衡
何谓翻译症
翻译症的原因
如何克服翻译症
• 翻译腔10pm/翻译体
• 把原语的语言形式、表达方式、句法结构机械的移植到译入语中，因而形成一种不符合译入语表达习惯的语言混合体。其主要特征是只顾在形式上逐词逐句地紧随原文，忽略译入语语言结构的特点和习惯表达方式，译文生硬牵强，可读性差。
翻译症的原因
如何克服翻译症
• 1.理解原文的表层结构和深层结构。
• 2.注意汉语表达习惯，以汉语行文的习惯组织语言，篇章结构。
• 3.认真审校。
• 大洋地壳A. 看译文中有没有冗余的词语
• B. 看译文中有没有不符合汉语句法的表达
走a怎么操作• C. 看译文中的逻辑关系是否清晰。
