汉语集体量词与英语集体单位名词的对比及翻译
2001级外国语言学及应用语言学专业硕士研究生:唐海琴
导师:万捍东副教授
摘要
在研究汉语量词和英语单位词的过程中,研究者发现了这么一个现象,即汉语中的集体量词数量少,用法简单,两英语里的集体单位名词数量很多且用法复杂。这一现象并没有得到更深入和更细致的研究。这势必造成了第二外语学习及翻译中的一些困难。本文对于汉语集体量词和英语集体单位名词的对比及对其翻译方法的讨论正是为了帮助解决翻译和学习中遇到的困难。本文在研究方法上继承了一贯的经验主义。除了确定汉语集体量词与英语集体单位名词结构成分的定性分析,作者还增加了定量分析,调查了汉语集体量词与英语集体单位名词在两种语言中的使用频率,进一步地证明了汉语集体量词数量少、用法简单而英语单位名词数量多且用法复杂的事实。在内容上,论文不局限于提出和证明汉语集体量词数量少而英语单位名词数量多这一语言事实,并且更深入地讨论了汉语集体量词与英语集体单位名词的翻译方法以实现研究课题的实际指导意义。
关键词:
(汉语)集体量词,(英语)集体单位名词,对比,翻译,翻译方法,对应词
CONTRASTBETWEENCHINESECOLLECTIVE
银行贷款利率的计算方法CLASSIFIERSANDENGLISHCOLLECTIVE
UNITNOUNSANDTHEIRTRANSLATl0N
ABSTRACT
Anunusualphenomenon.inthecontrastivestudyofChineseclassifiersandEnglishunitnouns,isfoundthatthereisalargeandcomplicatedsystemofEnglishcollectiveunitnounsbutasmallandsimplesystemofChinesecollectiveclassifiers.ButthereiSnotamorethoroughstudyinthisphenomenon.Itinevitablycausessomedi伍culfiesintranslationandthe
secondlanguagelearning.ThecontrastbetweenChinesecollectiveclassifiersandEnglishcollectiv
eunitnounsandthediscussionabouttheir
translationistryingtohelpsolvetheproblemsintranslationandthesecondlanguagelearning.
Thepaperadoptsthetraditionalempiricismthathasbeenusedbytheformerresearchersonthistopic.BesidesthequalitativeanalysistodiscussthestructureandthecharacteristicsofChinesecollectiveclassifiersand
nouns,thequantitativeanalysisisalsousedtoEnglishcollectiveunit
observethe仔equencyofChinesecollectiveclassifiersandEnglishcollectiveunitnounstoreachtheconclusionthatthereisalargeandcomplicatedsystemofEnglishcollectiveunitnoRnsbutasmallandsimplesystemofChinesecollectiveclassifiers.Asf
orthecontent,thepaper,wishingtofulfillthepracticalsignificanceofthetopic,notonlyputsforwardthehypothesisandprovestheconclusion,butalsodiscussesthetranslationmethodsof
nounseitherfromChincsecollectiveclassifiersandEn【glishcollectiveunit
ChinesetoEn91ishorfromEnglishtoChinese.
KEYWORDS:(Chinese)collectiveclassifiers;(English)collectiveunitnouns;contrast;translation;translationmethod;equivalent
下形上声的字
ACKNoWLEDGEMENTS
MyinterestintheunusualphenomenonbetweenChineseclassifiersandEnglishunitnounsbeganfromadiscussionwimmyroommate.thatthereisasmallandsi
mplesystemofChinesecollectiveclassifiersbutalargeandcomplicatedsystemofEnglishcollectiveunitnouns.Timenotpermitting,
unitnounsisonlymyattempttocontrastChineseclassifiersandEnglish
惨淡的意思madetotheactofputtingforwardandprovingtheconclusionandtotheactofdealingwiththeirtranslation.ButIhopemystudybetweenthemcancontinueandmoreotherlanguagelearnersCanjoinme.
ThoughmystudyofChinesecollectiveclassifiersandEnglishcollective
unitnounsmayjustbethebeginningofmycareer,1wouldliketoextendto
allthepeoplewhoofferedmehelpmydeepestgratitu
de.TheyarealltheteachersintheForeignLanguageCollegeofGangxiUniversity.TheknowledgeIobtainedfromthemwilldomegoodforalifetime.Myspecialthanks,however,shouldbeextendedtomysupervisor,associateprofessorWanHandong.AlltheprogressImadeisattributedtohergeneroushelp.Theaccomplishmentofthepaper,inparticular,cannotbeachievedwithouthersuggestion.Meanwhile,1wouldliketoextendmysincerethankstotheNationalLibraryofChina,foritofferedmeagreatnunlberofreferencematerials.
andshortcomingsinmyInevitably,theremightbesomeinadequacy
paper;Iampleasedthenatanysuggestionsfromscholars.
ContrastBetweenChineseCollectiveClassifiersandEnglishCollectiveUnitNounsandTheirTranslation
PartIIntroduction
ContrastivelinguisticsisdefinedbyFisiakasasub-disciplineoflinguisticswhichisconcemedwiththecomparisonoftwoormorelanguagesorsubsystemsof
languagesinordertodetermineboththedifferencesandsimilarities,especiallythedifferences(杨自俭,2002:469)betweenthem(-93鲱,2000,217).Itisbasedonthebasictheoriesandresearchmethodsoflinguistics.Unlikethehistoricalcomparativelinguistics,contrastivelinguistics,thoughdemandingtoknowsomethingofthediachronicchangesofacertain
languagephenomenon,isthesynchronicstudyoflanguages.
Contrastivelinguisticsrelatestothesettingofparameterwhichactuallyisthe“tertiumcomparations”(杨自俭,2002:475)determiningthecomparabilityoftwoormorelanguages.Here,the‘‘tertiumcomparations’’ofthepaperarejustChineseclassifiersandEnglishunitnouns.
ThetopicofcontrastivelyanalyzingChineseclassifiersandtheirEnglishequivalentexpressionshaseverbeendiscussedbysomeresearchers,suchasChertXiangmin(陈祥民,1988),LiZhongmin(李忠民,1988),WangFengxin(王逢鑫,1994),andYangZo'ian
(杨白俭,1999).TherearealsosomepapersandbooksaboutthetranslationofChineseclassifiers:“TheEqui
valentExpressionsinEnglishofChineseClassifiers”f赵伟河,1992),“OnChineseClassifiersandtheirEnglishEquivalentExpressions”(但冰洁,1998),“TheEnglishExpressionsforChineseClassifiers”f吴远恒,1999),“砌P
HandbookofEnglishExpressionsfo,ChineseClassifiers”(马丽,1999),Seeingaboutthecontentofthesepapers,welearnmostoftheauthorsthoughtthattherearemoreclassifiersinChinesethanunitnounsinEnglish,thatclassifiersfrequentlyemergewithnounsinChineselanguageandarecarefullydistinguishedand
水煮鱼配料
anunusualphenomenonthatinspecificallyused.ChenXiangminhasevermentioned
Chineseclassifiersforthenounsdenotingagroupofthepluralnumbertherearejusta
dozencollectiveclassifiersinChinesebutscoresofcollectiveunitnounsinEnglish.MeanwhiletherearenotSOmanydifferencesbetweenthesmallnumberofChinesecollectiveclassifierswhilealotofdifferencesexistingintheuseandmeaningofEnglishcollectiveunitnouns.ThisunusualphenomenonWasalsomentionedbysomeotherscholarssuchasYangZijianwhogaveanotherpresentationinacollectionpublishedin1999(赵世开,1999).However,theunusualphenomenonisnotfurtherstudiedanddoesnotwidelyreceivetheattention.
canknowthatalmostallSeeingabouttheresearchmethodoftheformerstudies,we
theauthorsinsistedonthetraditionalempiricism.Theyonlyadoptthequalitative数独高级技巧
冬至吃元宵晚会串词广两人学硕士学位论文
inductionresearchmethodbasingonthesumming—upofthelanguagephenomenaandfocusingonthestructureandthecharacteristicsofChinesecollectiveclassifiersandEnglishcollectiveunitnouns.Forthismatter,weshouldaddthequantitativeresearchmethodtoobservethefrequencyofthetwointhecontraststudyofcollectiveclassifiersandcollectiveunitnouns.
Inthepaper,theauthorfirstlydiscussesthereasonsforthechoiceofthetermsof“classifiers”,‘'unitwords’’and“unitnouns”andthenmakesthecontrast,mainlybasedonthestudyoftheresearchfruitsofthepioneers,betweenChineseclassifiersandEnglishunitnounsfromthedefinition,origin,characteristicandthefunction.Thenit
comestothemaintopicofthepaper:thecontrastbet
weenChinesecollectiveclassifiersandEnglishunitnouns.Inthispart,thestudyisnotlimitedtothematerialsoftheformerresearchers,butisenrichedwiththestatisticsresultingfromasurveyintothefrequencyandthevarietyfromthesimilarlanguagematerials--Reader鲁DigestandDuzhe
magazines.Last,thepaperdiscussesthetranslationmethodsandsometranslation
translationexpressionsofcollectiveclassifiersandcollectiveunitnouns,especiallythe
expressionsfromChinesetoEnglish.
twolanguageThroughcontrastiveanalysis,appliedcontrastivestudies,wecanfind
itemsintheforeignlanguage:oneistheitemthatma
伦敦海军条约ybethedifficultyinforeignlanguagelearning;theotheristheitemthatmaynotbethedifficulty.Thatistosay,contrastiveanalysisisveryusefulfortheforeignlanguagelearningorteaching.Accordingly,thesignificanceofthecontrastbetweenChinesecollectiveclassifiersand
nounsmainlyliesinitshelpwiththeforeignlanguageteachingEnglishcollectiveunit
andtranslation.Oncewehavenoticedtheunusualphenomenonofclassifiersandunitnouns,theteachersshouldpayattentiontothesedifferenceswhenpreparingthelessonsrevolvingtheexpressionsmodifying“group”S.Ontheotherhand,becauseoftheclearfactsthatdifferentlevelsoflanguage--pronunciation,lexicon,syntax,andtext_allaffecttranslationandthattranslatingprocessistotransformo
nesourcelanguageexpressionintothecorrespondingexpressionintargetlanguage,whichissimilartotheunilateralcontrastiveanalysis(杨自俭,2002:481),thecontrastbetweencollectiveclassifiersandcollectiveunitnounsmayhelpthestudentsrendermoresuitable
translationeitherfromChinesetoEnglishorfromEnglishexpressionswhentheydothe
toC:hinese.
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