Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 9 (5-6) (2019) 92-98 doi: 10.17265/2161-6221/2019.5-6.002
Effect of CaCO3 Pham Thi Hong Nga on the Mechanical Properties of
Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends
Mechanical Engineering Faculty, HCMC University of Technology and Education, 1 Vo Van Ngan St., Thu Duc District, HCM City 700000, Vietnam
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the influence of CaCO3 in both tensile and flexural mechanical properties of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/PP (polypropylene). Four compositions of PET/PP/CaCO3blend were prepared by injection molding with CaCO3content of 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt%. The samples were cut according to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard and tested by using universal testing equipment. The results show that the mechanical properties of the PET/PP/CaCO3 composites with 2% and 4 wt% of CaCO3 composition were better than that of the PET/PP composites. While the content of CaCO3is 6 wt%, the rious pha paration between PET and PP resulted in poor mechanical properties of the PET/PP/CaCO3 samples. This study shows that CaCO3 has played a role to improve the tensile and flexural properties of the mixing product if it is pres
ent only in a small amount.
busy的反义词Key words: PET, PP, CaCO3, PET/PP blend, mechanical properties.
1. Introduction
PP (polypropylene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which are the most popular, are widely ud in many fields as to produce the bottle, plastic box, plastic bag… to contain food and water. Recently, the recycling of polymers such as PET after u is attracting the attention of many kinds of rearch aware of environmental problems and wishing to find ways to save earth resources [1]. PET/PP is expected to be a chance of having better properties than PP and PET. But mixing PET and PP together generally does not guarantee good interfacial adhesion between the two phas. The incompatibility of PET and PP can be reduced by introducing an additive known as a compatibilizer [2, 3]. Besides compatibilizers, lately many fillers have been commercially produced and the effect of filler content on the mechanical properties of polymer blends is of particular interest and significance [4-6]. Among the promising fillers
离职原因怎么填Corresponding author:Pham Thi Hong Nga, Ph.D., rearch fields: polymers, lar cladding, 3D printing. which have stirred much interest among rearchers include clay, silica, and calcium carbon
ate (CaCO3). CaCO3is one of the most important fillers for industrial production, due to its high performance, cost reduction, enhancing stiffness, induced toughening, and recyclables. There have been many previous studies using CaCO3 to enhance the properties of PET/PP. Xie et al. [5] successfully synthesized PVC/CaCO3nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization technique with a filler loading of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt%. Their studies found that the toughness and stiffness of PVC were simultaneously improved with the addition of 44 nm-sized CaCO3 filler. In the work of Hanim et al. [6], PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites were prepared at filler loadings of 5, 10 and 15 wt%. The impact strength and modulus of PP showed some improvement with the addition of the CaCO3while the tensile strength deteriorated. Incorporation of CaCO3shifted the crystallisation exotherms of PP towards higher temperatures, indicating that the introduction of CaCO3 has acted as a nucleating agent for PP. Besides, Thumsorn et al. [7]
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Effect of CaCO 3 on the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends
93
successfully developed blending quence on CaCO 3 reinforced recycled PET/PP blend. The rearchers ud the ratio of RPET/RPP blend, which was 95/5; the content of CaCO 3 was fixed at 2.5 wt%. This rearch showed that the addition of CaCO 3 revealed the reduction of tensile modulus and yield strength of the blends, but the rigid and impact strength incread. The main objective of this work is to evaluate role of CaCO 3 and to find the best ratio of PET/PP/CaCO 3Materials and chemicals were ud in this study: polyethylene (SABIC-LDPE 4024, Saudi Arabia) is provided by Thuan Thang Plastics Co., Ltd; ethylene vinyl acetate is supplied by Dong Nhat Phat Co., Ltd. The composition of PET and PP was mixed by using weight measuring container. PET/PP was mixed with CaCO bad on the highest flexural test strength, tensile mechanical behavior, and microstructure of the specimen.
2. Materials and Methods
3 according to its weight compositions which are given in Table 1. CaCO 3Specimens were produced by using injection mold machine according to the composition decided. The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D638 was ud to measure plastic tensile strength. The
y were according to the size which is shown in Fig. 1. The specimen geometry is of width = 19 mm, overall length = 113 mm and thickness =
4 mm. The samples were mixed and presd by using TKC ries-vertical injection molding machine. In order to ensure the mixing material is melting, the machine screw extruder is heated to 19
5 °C. The injection parameters were chon on basis of the PP supplier recommendations.
was mixed with PET/PP in the weight composition of 0% to 6%. The mixing process was mixed by using TKC ries-vertical injection molding machine. Ba on the previous studies about PET/PP blends, ratio of PET /PP is kept fixed 90/10 and EVA (ethylene vinyl axetate) is kept
fixed with constant ratio 5%.
Then, each specimen is tested using tensile test machine. The tensile strength of specimens was analyd by using tensile test instrument. The tensile properties were determined using three samples for each composition to study the effect of CaCO 3Sample weight composition on tensile properties. The constant cross speed ud is 50 mm/min at room temperature and mounted on the t
est machine. The experiment was carried out on Shimadzu Autograph AG-X Plus 20 kN (Japan) with longitudinal extension, a high resolution (1.8 μm) camera without contact with the specimen and basic specifications as following: the maximum test power was 20 kN, in range of speed 0.001-1,600
Table 1 Compositions of the samples (wt%). Component (wt%)
PET PP CaCO EVA 3 S0 85.5 9.5 0 5 S1 83.7 9.3 2 5 S2 81.9 9.1 4 5 S3
80.1 8.9
6
5
Fig. 1 Specimen of the tensile test according to ASTM standard.
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Effect of CaCO 3 on the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends
94
Fig. 2 Sample size for bending strength testing.
Fig. 3 HITACHI S-4800 machine.
mm/min, speed accuracy ± 0.1% test speed, operating
temperature at 5-50 °C, data acquisition speed 1,000
Hz.
The analogous test to determine bending strength of materials in the ISO system is ISO 178. Test
specimens for bending strength were mixed and
presd using a Shine Well SW-120B Injection Machine. Each group of samples was placed in the
drying chamber of the machine with temperature of简历照片要求
具俊熙100 °C for 10 minutes to 15 minutes. Pressing temperature was 180 °C. The size of the sample was
tested in this experiment which procesd according to
the parameters: 125 × 12 × 3.2 mm (Fig. 2). The
testing device was ud in this method, which is the
Instron 5566 Materials Testing Machine with load capacity 10 kN (2,250 lbf); maximum power is 200
VA, and weight of load frame is 136 kg (300 lb).
The fracture surface of each specimen in bending
strength test was obrved by HITACHI S-4800—high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), with acceleration 5.0 kV (e Fig.
3). The surface of the samples ud for all SEM was
platinum-sputtered with a conductive layer before obrvation. 3. Results and Discussion
简笔画桃子3.1 Tensile Mechanical Behavior The results of the tensile tests performed with
PET/PP and CaCO 3 are shown in Table 2. Fig. 4
shows the tensile strength increas gradually until the composition of 2% CaCO 3, but at 4% CaCO 3, tensile strengths are a drop down. For the PET/PP blends, the
addition of 2% of CaCO 3 gave a significant improvement in the tensile strength; the corresponding tensile strength is 37.05 MPa. However, with CaCO 3 from 4% to 6%, the tensile strength became even lower with the addition of CaCO 3, changing from
31.8 MPa (0% CaCO 3) to 24.0 MPa (4% CaCO 3) and 16.6 MPa (6% CaCO 3). This means that 2% of CaCO 3 is sufficient, and larger amounts of CaCO 3 are not warranted for improvement in tensile strength. It happened becau the increa in CaCO
3 dramatically
decreas the strength of the material and is more brittle. Fig. 5 shows the effect on elongation in a different
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Effect of CaCO3 on the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends 95 Table 2 Comparison of measured roughness data of tensile strength.
Sample CaCO3Break-strain
(%)
(wt%)
Max-stress
(MPa)
Elasticity
(MPa)
S0 0 14.9192 31.8237 2,537.90 S1 2 14.3145 37.0462 3,267.26 S2 4 1.18373 23.9329 2,840.77 S3 6 0.20278 16.6142 1,467.71
Fig. 4 Effects on tensile strength in different composition of CaCO3 Fig. 5 Effects on elongation in different composition of CaCO filler.
3 fillers.
composition of CaCO3 fillers. From Fig. 5 we can obrve the incorporation of larger contents of CaCO3 did not lead to a successive increa in elongation. This shows that CaCO3fillers have influe
抑塞nced the ductility of PET/PP blends. The reason for limited ductility is the tendency for the extension of the voids perpendicularly to axial stress [1].
From Fig. 6 we can obrve a great increa in elastic modulus with the addition of 2% and 4 wt% of CaCO3, but the incorporation of larger contents of CaCO3has lower elastic modulus than the PET/PP blend without CaCO
3.
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Effect of CaCO 3 on the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Blends
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Fig. 6 Effects on elastic modulus in different composition of CaCO 3Sample
fillers.
Table 3 Comparison of measured roughness data of flexural tests. CaCO Max-stress (MPa) 3 (wt%) Max-strain (%) Elasticity (MPa) S0 0 51.9034 6.06355 1,830.05 S1 2 66.0524 5.69094 1,951.53 S2 4 57.1853 5.50371 1,846.01 S3
6
46.5180
5.07828
1,641.34
Fig. 7 Effects on flexural strength in different composition of CaCO 3
3.2 Flexural Mechanical Behavior
filler.
The results of the flexural tests performed with PET/PP and CaCO 3 are shown in Table 3 and Fig. 7. From Fig. 7 we can e that the addition of CaCO 3 is found to improve the strength of the blends at loadings of 2% CaCO 3 until the composition of 4% CaCO 3
,
元宵节手抄报
with flexural
strength 57.19 MPa and 66.05 MPa, respectively. But at 6% CaCO 3 filler, CaCO 3Fig. 8 shows the results of elasticity. It shows the elasticity has incread gradually from 2% to 4% CaCO has the opposite effect of slightly reducing the flexural properties.
3. This shows that CaCO 3 filler has influence on
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