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N o r m v o r A n w e n d u n g a u f A k t u a l i t ät p r üf e n / C h e c k s t a n d a r d f o r c u r r e n t i s s u e p r i o r t o u s a g e .
T h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n i s b e l i e v e d t o b e a c c u r a t e . I n c a s e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s t h e G e r m a n v e r s i o n s h a l l g o v e r n .
Q U E L L E : N O L I S
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VW 500 99: 2001-04
No.Term
4.2.3Scratches
4.2.4Image defects
4.2.5Defects of form
4.2.
5.1Offt
4.2.
5.2Core defects
4.2.6Sink mark
4.3Cold-flow marks; cold-shut defects 4.4Cracks
4.5Damage, mechanical
5Penetration
6Inclusions
7Structural defects
8Burrs No.Term
8.1Machining burrs
8.2Casting burrs
8.3Heat checks
9Flow lines
10Leak tightness, leak tightness test 11Rework
12Contamination
13Standards, engineering
13.1Standards, external engineering 13.2Standards, internal engineering 14Drawings
15General abbreviations
2.3 Term Definitions in Numerical Order (acc. to Table 3)
Table 3.
No.Term
Definition
1Defects
励志短句霸气Defects include all phenomena that result in deviations from the drawing, standards, TLs, etc. The term defect includes casting, stamping and machining defects.
NOTE: Not all defects lead to a complaint regarding a component.
1.1Casting defects
Casting defects are all defects that occur during the casting process.
1.2Stamping or deburring defects
Stamping or deburring defects occur during the removal of the casting system (runner, sprue, overflows, ventilation, vacuum channels) from the casting.
1.3Machining defects
Machining defects are defects caud by improper mechanical operations on the blank.
2Complaint
Complaints are all defects that must be corrected becau they impair the function and appearance of the component.
NOTE If a defect that leads to a complaint cannot be corrected, a deviation permit must be obtained for it from the responsible development department. Otherwi the component must be discarded as scrap.
3Flaking
Flaking is the formation of blister-like bell mouths or chipping on the casting surface. It is caud by the back-migration of already solidified component contours due to melting charges at high pressure or high flow velocity. In general, flaking first becomes visible due to a thermal or mechanical load on the casting contour (heat treatment, sandblasting or washing the castings with high pressure).
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VW 500 99: 2001-04
No.Term
Definition
4Flaws
天京陷落Flaws include pores, contour flaws, cold-flow marks, cracks and areas of mechanical dam-age that are visible to the naked eye. All other flaws are structural defects.
4.1Pores; porosity
Pores, or porosity, is the collective term for voids, hot cracks and gas pores.
4.1.1Gas pores
Metals in the liquid state generally have higher gas solubility than in the solid state. Gas pores are structural defects that are occur due to this jump in solubility during metal hard-ening or to the inclusion of gas from the mold (evaporated residues from mold para-tors and plunger lubricants, gasified mold binders, air) during mold filling. Gas bubbles, which occur due to a fluidic process during mold filling or to gasifying mold binders or flu-ids, are recognizable by their smooth, round surface. Gas given off during solidification form pores, which usually are not round in shape.
4.1.2Voids
Voids are structural defects caud by the shrinkage of the cast metal during solidification.
Voids have a rough, fissured surface.
4.1.3Hot cracks
Hot cracks are stress cavities or shrinkage cracks. They are structural defects, which occur due to the stress caud by contraction during solidification in the partially solidified areas where the hot tensile strength is still low. Hot cracks can be repaired by backfeeding the affected areas.
4.2Contour flaws
Contour flaws is the collective term for build-up, draw marks, image defects and defects of form.
好词好句子的摘抄
4.2.1Build-up, contact spots
Build-up refers to depressions on the casting surface. It is caud when one or more thin layers of metal, which has fud to the mold contour, are torn out.
4.2.2Draw marks优秀日记150字
Draw marks are a localized area where the casting metal is removed from the component surface. They develop as scoring or scratches on the casting surface, parallel to the direc-tion in which the casting is lifted from the mold. They are caud by undercuts, too sharp drawing angles or deposits formed during stripping from cores or when the casting is lifted from the mold.
4.2.3Scratches
Scratches are a specific form of mechanical damage. They occur when a sharp-edged ob-ject scrapes against a component surface.
4.2.4Image defects
数学教学研究Image defects occur when the mold is incompletely filled with the casting metal.
4.2.5Defects of form
Defects of form occur due to the buckling or breakdown of the mold contour or to mold ex-
pansion defects (scabs, rat-tails).
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VW 500 99: 2001-04
No.Term
Definition
4.2.
5.1Offt
An offt is a sharp stepping of surfaces in areas of the casting mold or core box para-tion or incorrect dimensional positions of different mold or core geometries with respect to one another.
4.2.
5.2Core defects
Core defects are all flaws that are caud by an improper sand core contour (core fracture, penetrations, scabs, rat-tails).
4.2.6Sink mark
Sink marks are concave deformations of the casting skin. They occur due to improper packing of areas near to the surface during casting solidification. Note: sink marks always indicate macro-voids near the surface.
4.3Cold-flow marks; cold-shut defects
Cold flow marks or cold-shut defects are solidification fronts that come together. They o c-cur when partially solidified metal streams meet one another and do not properly fu t o-gether. Cold flow mar
ks generally appear as gutter-shaped depressions with round edges and sharp valleys or as fine surface splintering (overlaying). In the interior of components and sometimes also on the casting surface, they can appear in metallographic ctions as continuous arc-shaped, oxide-coated material parations.
4.4Cracks南昌起义的时间
Cracks are thin material parations (linear, rrated) on the surface and are caud by mechanical stress in the component or various loads on the component.
4.5Damage, mechanical
Mechanical damage includes contour changes (deformation, contour buckling) of blank or finished machined parts due to improper application of external mechanical force.
5Penetration
Penetration is the fixed bonding between the casting metal and the core or mold sand.
Penetrations occur when the casting metal flowing into the mold bonds with loo sand that is found
there, or due to the entry and subquent bonding (burning in) of the casting metal in improperly aled mold or core surfaces.
6Inclusions
Inclusions are foreign particles found in the casting material (oxides, sand inclusions, penetrations, etc.), which differ in hardness from the surrounding metal. They either b e-come visible when machining the blank or have a material bond with the casting surface.
7Structural defects
Structural defects are flaws that are not visible to the naked eye or are not detectable when testing for cracks.
8Burrs
Burrs is the collective term for heat checks as well as casting and machining burrs.
8.1Machining burrs
Machining burrs occur due to the plastic deformation of sharp component contours during the mechanical removal of the gating system or when machining the blank casting.
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VW 500 99: 2001-04
猪油渣饼No.Term
Definition
8.2Casting burrs
Casting burrs are caud by a less than ideal fit of the dies that form the mold, such as uneven paration surfaces, and are found in the form of sharp, thin-walled metal residues.
In areas where the mold contours come together with one another (cores and necks from two sides) a defined internal burr is added during mold design. Without this internal burr, the thermal expansion of the individual mold parts can cau mold damage (sand buckling, core compression, bent or broken sleeves).
婵娟的意思
8.3Heat checks
Alternating thermal stress in permanent mold casting can cau cracking in the mold contours. The tend to occur on edges that are subject to stress and, as the mold i n-creas in age, cover the forming contours in a network pattern. Heat checks reprent a special form of casting burr. They are material build-ups on the casting surface that occur when the casting metal penetrates the cracks in the mold.
9Flow lines
Flow lines are surface structures, which occur due to contact between the metal flowing into the mold and the mold contour, which is wetted with parting agent. In contrast to cold flow marks, flow lines can be corrected with light to medium sandblasting of the casting.
10Leak tightness, leak tightness test
A component is considered leak-proof if it does not permit material transfer outside spe-
cific, predefined limit values when a certain medium is admitted into all or part of the com-ponent. Checking a component for leak tightness is called a leak tightness test.
NOTE The term coar leak will be defined in a PV (not yet written) on the topic of leak tightness testing. Limit value requirements for leak tightness must be entered in the draw-ing or the specific acceptance conditions.
11Rework
Rework is processing parts with the goal of making them usable although they do not meet the drawing and specification requirements.
12Contamination
Contamination is found when processing materials and machining residues such as oils, grea, machining chips, sand, grinding particles, etc., adhere or remain in the casting contours.
13Standards, engineering
The generic term engineering standards includes standards, preliminary standards, guide-lines and regulations as well as their drafts.
