现在分词与过去分词的用法

更新时间:2023-07-13 18:41:12 阅读: 评论:0

现在分词的七种用法
(一)作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noi. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noi.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:
剑首Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:
This is an English-speaking country.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:
The story is moving.
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如:
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:
Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。例如:
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:
He sat by the roadside, begging. 光绪照片
(五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 :
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
(六) 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如:
The factory being built now is a big one.
(七) 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
过去分词的用法
一.1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成.
(1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.
(2) He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
(3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.
过去分词作表语
大学生网上就业市场
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)
(2) The library is now clod. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surpri, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
荷花的别称有哪些(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 电脑下面的任务栏没了怎么办
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
(2) The boy looked up with a plead expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
户籍警察(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); ated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dresd in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. 羊水穿刺时间
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)
咏柳的古诗(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(en 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Becau he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, the eds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If the eds are grown in rich soil.

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