非谓语动词用法归纳
主动 | 被动 |
1. doing 用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点；概括；抽象；一般 3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) | 2. being done正在进行的被动 4. having been done用于句首；要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作） |
5. to do 用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体 7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中) | 6. to be done将来的被动 8. to have been done用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作） |
| 9. done 被动；完成（一般或普遍时间） |
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小孩拼图
一、表格的用法
建设人才1.doing 的用法
（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌derve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excu借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟rent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受 worth值得
You should try to avoid making mistakes.
The book is worth reading.
The book derves reading.
（2）表进行
Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.
The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.
（3）表主动
The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.
= The man who spoke English is Tom.
Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.
（4）表伴随
I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.
I lie in bed reading a novel.
（5）表牙痛吃什么药好性质；特点
The film is very moving.
She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
（6）概括性,一般性
Climbing mountain is very interesting.
元胡止痛片说明书Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)
Our work is rving the people．
（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. being done表示正在进行的被动
The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.
Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.
The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.
= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.
3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)
Having finished the class, I went home. = After I小学五年级作文大全 had finished the class, I went home.
Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.
Having done the work, I went back home.
Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.
4. having been done用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (要求动词后)
=扁桃体切除后有什么影响I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.
= Becau I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.
I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.
Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.
5. to do的用法:
(1)用在要求动词后: 接to do的动词（作宾语）
attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎，显得 ask问 agree同意 believe 认为、相信begin开始beg请求 bother扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢 choo选择 claim要求 connt同意，赞同 contrive设法，图谋demand要求 destine注定 determine决定 dread害怕 desire愿望 decide决定 enable能够 expect期望 endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶 happen碰巧 hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 incline有…倾向 long渴望 love爱 learn学习 mean意欲，打算manage设法neglect忽视need需要omit忽略，漏 offer提供 pretend假装 plan计划 prefer喜欢/宁愿 prepare准备 profess表明 promi承诺/允许 propo提议refu拒绝swear宣誓 start开始 ek找/寻觅 try试图undertake承接 volunteer志愿 vow起 wish希望 want想要
(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语)。
Our work is to rve the people．
The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
账号英语如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To e is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpo， thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
咳嗽能吃什么
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make；在被动语态中则to不能省掉。
