持续性动词和瞬间动词
持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
一、持续性动词
study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词
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begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, clo, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lo, renew, die, take away, put up, t out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法
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1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如：
He has studied English for three years.（他学英语已有3年了。）
He has joined the Party.（他已入党了。）
Mum isn't at home. She has gone to the library.（妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。）
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：
His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）
My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）
My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母从1950年起就住在上海了。）
3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：
（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用has left
初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：
1、go--be away
2、come--be here
3、come back--be back
4、leave-be away（be not here）
5、buy--have
6、borrow--keep
7、die--be dead 8、begin--be on
9、finish--be over 10、open--be open
11、clo--be clod 12、lo--be lost
13、get to know--know 14、turn on--be on
15、get up--be up 16、sit down--sit/be ated
17、join--be in（...）或ber 18、become--be
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（2）用结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：
洈水水库电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）
The film has been on for five minutes.
It's five minutes since the film began.
他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）
He has been away from Shanghai for three days.
It is three days since he left Shanghai.
这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）
It's two weeks since I returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）
How long is it since be found his sister?
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如：
I haven't en you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）
Exercis
一、根据所给的词组，把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词
①arrive get come/go/
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→be in ..../at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return →be back come/go out →be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
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③become →be油辣椒怎么做才又香又辣又红
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④clo →be clod open →be open
1) The shop clod two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up →be up；die →be dead；leave ... →be away from ... ；finish/end →be over；fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep；marry →be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. →do sth. ；begin →be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow →keep；lo →not have ；buy →have ；put on →wear ；catch/get a cold →have a cold；get to know →know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
