高考英语单项选择题陷阱设置手段揭秘

更新时间:2023-07-13 18:07:17 阅读: 评论:0

高考英语单项选择题陷阱设置手段揭秘
□ 郝昌明
近年来为了考查考生的应变能力,高考英语单项选择题常设置陷阱,让能力不强的考生上当,造成误选。这样就拉开了考生的分数差距,便于高校分层次选拔人才。高考英语单项选择题常通过下列手段设置陷阱。
一、利用“介词 + 关系代词which + 定语从句”句型设置陷阱
众所周知“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句是常见考点,高考常借助该句型来设置陷阱。
例1: The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from_______spoken in England.(08全国卷I)
A. which B. what
C. that D. the one
烤箱烤肉的做法解析: C。不少考生误选A,认为这是介词from + which引导的定语从句,其实空档处表达的是the English的含义,应用that代替。
例2: Animals suffered at the hands of Man_______they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.(08江西)
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in that
解析: D。不少同学误选A,认为这是介词 + which引导的定语从句。其实空档后面的in that是习语,意为“由于,因为”,引出原因状语从句,又如:Although the dividends are the same, this is the better investment in that it is a safer stock. (虽然红利一样,但这是更好的投资,因为这只股票更安全。) / Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak. (人之所以异于禽兽是因为人会思考,会说话。)
例3: Some children want to challenge themlves by learning a language different from_______their parents speak at home. (08浙江)
A. what B. that
C. which D. one
解析: B。不少同学误选C,认为这是介词from + which引导的定语从句。其实from后面为宾语从句,空档处表示“……的语言”,因此应填what。
二、改变定语从句、同位语从句的位置来设置陷阱
莴笋木耳肉片定语从句和同位语从句通常接在被修饰的先行词和同位的名词后面,但在高考试题中常常改变其位置,将其后移,不少考生被这一陷阱所迷惑,难以做出正确选择。
例1: Later in this chapter cas will be introduced to readers_______consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西)
A. where B. when
C. who D. which
解析: A。cas为先行词,表示“场合”,在定语从句中做地点状语,因此应用where引导定语从句。但因定语从句和先行词被will be introduced to readers隔开,不少考生不能识别这一陷阱,从而做出错误的选择。
例2: A warm thought suddenly came to me_______I might u the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(06安徽)
A. if B. when C. that D. which
解析: C。I might u the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday说明先行词A warm thought的内容,因此空档处应填that引导的同位语从句。但因同位语从句与同位名词之间被suddenly came to me隔开,不少考生没有识别这一陷阱,无法做出正确选择。
三、用定语从句的创新句型来设置陷阱
定语从句通常直接由关系代词或关系副词引导,但当定语从句与先行词有所属关系时句型要变:特定词汇+ of whom / which引导定语从句。不少考生因不了解这一句型常造成误选。
例1: The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_______are beyond our control.(08湖南)
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
解析: B。定语从句与先行词可还原成most of the factors are beyond our control,因此该空应用most of which引导定语从句,但不少考生因不了解这一句型而误选A。
例2: The man pulled out a gold watch,
_______ were made of small diamonds. (08陕西)
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
解析: D。定语从句与先行词可连成The hands of the gold watch were made of small diamonds.因此该空应填the hands of which来引导定语从句,但不少考生因不了解这一句型而乱选一气。
地老鼠四、用连词的新含义来设置陷阱
一些连词有新含义,如while可以表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,也可以表示“然而,却”,引导并列句;what引导名词性从句时一般表示“……的内容”,也可表示“……的人 / 地点 / 时间 / 速度 / 价格 / 方法 / 状况”。
例1:_______the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. (08湖南)
长春西汀
A. If B. While
C. Becau D. As
解析: B。该空表示“尽管”,应填while来引导让步状语从句。但不少考生不知道while有此用法,于是误选as。as的确可以表示“尽管”,但在引导让步状语从句时应采用倒装句型。
例2: The aside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make_______it is.(07天津)
A. what B. which
C. how D. where
解析: A。空档处表示“……的状况”,因此应填入what来引导宾语从句。但不少考生只知道what表示“……的内容”,于是只好乱选一气。
五、在情景对话中用常规回答来设置陷阱
怀孕什么不能吃
众所周知,情景对话中的回答语往往有委婉、客气、礼貌的特征,因此That’s all right. You’re welcome. Not at all. Take it easy. Nice to meet you. Thanks a lot. I’m afraid you can’t / had better not. My pleasure. It’s a pleasure.等语句常常成为特定对话的回答用语,高考常常借助这些语句来设置陷阱。
例1: — The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?
—_______I do it all the time. (08陕西)
A. Don’t mention it.
B. Why you?
C. Not sure.
D. Not me again.
解析: D。不少考生误选A,因为对它比较熟悉。其实Don’t mention it.通常用来对感谢用语进行回答,表示“不用谢”。而此处I do it all the time.说明我不想再打扫了,因此应选D。
例2:— My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?
—_______ .(08辽宁)
A. lf you don’t mind
服装店起名
B. Not at all
C. Take it easy
D. Nice to meet you
解析: A。B、C、D三选项内容都是考生熟悉的交际用语,但用在本题中与语境不吻合。而A项表示“如果不介意(请您拼写一下)”,符合语境逻辑。
例3:—We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
—_______, sir.(07全国卷II)
A. I’m sure B. My pleasure
内忧外患C. It’s all right D. I’ll check
解析: D。B、C是对话回答常用语,但与本题语境不吻合。D项表示“让我查一下”,与语境逻辑吻合。
六、改变单词的常用句式来设置陷阱
一些单词在使用时往往有固定句式,但高考命题者往往用其非常见句型来设置陷阱,从而造成部分考生误选。
例1: —I’d like some more chee.
—Sorry, there’s_______left.(08浙江)
洞组词A. some B. none
C. a little D. few
解析: B。none通常和of连用,但表示“一个也没有”时可置于there is之后,不少考生因不了解这一点易造成误选。
例2: —How is everything going on with you in Europe?

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