2020年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， u one word that best fits each blank.普贤菩萨生日
1.
Killer Rabbits
奋斗不息You’d never think of rabbits as dreadful， destructive creatures， would you？ Rabbits are cute and love﹣able． However， Australians discovered （1）________ harm the cute creatures can do the hard way．
Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals． By 1827， they were running around large estates， and in 1859， disaster struck． A man relead 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he （2）________ have thought that was harmles
s fun． But Australia has no predators（捕食者）（3）________ （adapt） to killing rabbits and none of the dias that kept their populations （4）________ control in Europe． The loo rabbits bred like， well， rabbits， and began to take over the countryside． Within a few decades， there were millions． By 1950， there were 600 million rabbits in Australia．
Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm． They caud more damage than any other species introduced to the continent． They ate native plant species （5）________ they disappeared． They competed for food and shelter with native animals． they caud the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species． And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers， （6）________ animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved．
The rabbits did some good， of cour． They provided food for poor families． They supported fur industries． But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative （7）________（ignore）． People tried trapping them． They even built a huge wall against them． But （8）________（effective） weapon wa
s a virus．
（9）________（test） multiple times， the deadly myxoma virus was relead on Australia’s rabbits in 1950． The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits． Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the dia （10）________（die）．Populations fell． It was a huge success． Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually， and threatened plants were better protected． Eventually， rabbits became resistant to the virus．
【答案】
What,must,adapted,under,until,who,to be ignored,the most effective,Having been tested,died
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
你永远不会认为兔子是可怕的、破坏性的生物．然而，澳大利亚人发现这些可爱的动物造成的伤害比任何其他引入的物种都要大．
【解答】
（1）What．考查宾语从句．引导宾语从句harm the cute creatures can do the hard way，做从句的定语，用What．
（2）must．考查情态动词．本句表示“他一定认为这是无害的乐趣”，所以表示“肯定做过某事”，用must have done，所以答案是must．
（3）adapted．考查非谓语动词．做 predators的定语，表示被动关系，用过去分词adapted．
（4）under．考查固定短语．表示“被控制”，用固定短语 under control，所以答案是under．
（5）until．考查连词．引导时间状语从句 they disappeared，表示“直到”，用连词until．
（6）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词farmers，做定语从句 animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved的定语，用关系词who．
（7）to be ignored．考查动词不定式．做 was too negative 的补语，表示“太而不能” ，用动词不定式，表示“被忽视”，用to be ignored．
（8）the．考查冠词．修饰形容词的最高级 most effective ，用定冠词the．
（9）Having been tested．考查谓语动词．做时间状语， 发生在谓语动词was relead 之前，用现在分词的完成式Having been tested．
（10）died．考查谓语动词．根据上下句可知用一般过去时态，所以谓语动词用过去式died．
Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chon from the box. Each word can be ud only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A． string B． contained C． reprenting D． detailing E． scientific F． currents
G． recovered H． encountered I． estimated J． instructions K． decoration |
查批号 |
Bottle Found at Sea Ud for Scientific Purpo
Combing the beach for shells， a glass， or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many． Some even u metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects． Only the lucky few have （1）_______ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide． The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past． An early （2）_______ u for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island， Australia．
Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice （3）_______． While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle， a rolled up paper tied with a （4）_______ fell out． The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12， 1886． According to official documents from the German sailing vesls， Paula， a crew member tosd the bottle overboard a（n）（5）_______ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia． Further rearch authen
ticated（验证）the letter， which had been nt afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever （6）_______．
Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933． And （7）_______ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship，（8）_______ routes， coordinates， and other information． The early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Obrvatory to map ocean （9）_______ around the world．
On the back of the notes were （10）_______ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Obrvatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities． Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular．
【答案】
H,E,K,A,I,G,B,D,F,J
【考点】
选词填空
【解析】
本文讲述托尼娅在一次家庭郊游时，注意到沙子里有一个古董玻璃瓶，里面有小纸条，研究证实了这封132年前从海上发出的信，这是有史以来最古老的一封信．．瓶子里装的是船长写的官方文件，详细说明了路线、坐标和其他信息．这些瓶子里的早期信息是德国海军的一次尝试天文台绘制洋流图．
【解答】
（1） H ，考查句意，根据句意" 只有少数幸运的人在一个被潮水抛下的瓶子里遇到了一条信息．“，可知要填的词为” encountered遇到"．
（2） E ，考查句意，根据句意" 当托尼娅在澳大利亚威奇岛附近的海滩上发现瓶子里最古老的记录信息时，这种做法的早期科学用途被揭示出来．“，可知要填的词为” scientific 科学的"．
（3） K ，考查句意，根据句意" 托尼娅正在一次家庭郊游时，她注意到沙子里有一个古董
玻璃瓶，她想这会是一个很好的装饰“，可知要填的词为” decoration 装饰"．
（4） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 当她在清洗桑迪杜松子酒瓶子时，一张用绳子绑着的卷起的纸掉了出来．“，可知要填的词为”string绳子 "．
经期提前的原因（5） I ，考查句意，根据句意" 保拉，一名船员把瓶子扔到离西澳大利亚海岸大约950公里的地方“，可知要填的词为” estimated估计 "．
（6） G ，考查句意，根据句意“进一步的研究证实了这封信，这封信是132年前在海上发出的，是迄今为止发现的瓶子里最古老的信息 ”，可知要填的词为“recovered 追回 ”．
（7） B ，考查句意，根据句意" 里面有船长写的官方文件，详细说明了航线、坐标和其他信息．“，可知要填的词为” contained 包含 "．
关于柳的诗句（8） D ，考查句意，根据句意“里面有船长写的官方文件，详细说明了航线、坐标和其他信息． ”，可知要填的词为“detailing 详细说明”．
（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“这些早期的信息是德国海军天文台试图绘制世界各地洋流的地图． ”，可知要填的词为" currents洋流 "．
（10） J ，考查句意，根据句意" 纸条背面写着发现瓶子的时间和地点，并将它们送回汉堡的德国海军天文台或最近的德国当局“，可知要填的词为” instructions 说明"．
III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phras marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phra that best fits the context.
A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by lf﹣criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match． "I’m at peak （1）_______ and I practi hard． How is this happening? " This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to （2）_______ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work．
I study and write about resilience （复原力）, and I’m noticing a（n）（3）_______ increa in students like this athlete． When they win, they feel powerful and smart． When they fall short of what they imagine they should （4）_______, however, they are crushed by lf﹣blame．
十二生肖兔 We talk often about young adults struggling with failure becau their parents have protected them from （5）_______． But there is something el at play among the mos
气不足的表现t advantaged in particular: a （6）_______ promi that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it．
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind﹣t” rearch, which has found that praising children for （7）_______ will increa academic performance． Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind﹣t education has spread across classrooms worldwide． But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not （8）_______ help everyone．
One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a rearch paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure﹣cooker communities, "It is not a （9）_______ of motivation and perverance that is the big problem． （10）_______, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top．" This can （11）_______ physical and emotional stress． In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refud to give up the （12）_______ goals showed elevated levels
of CRP, a protein that rves as a marker of systemic inflammation （炎症） linked to diabetes, heart dia and other medical conditions．浅醉
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail． This knowledge comes early to underreprented minorities who experience of discrimination （歧视） and inequality teaches them to （13）_______ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change． Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a tup． Instead of allowing our kids to beat themlves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what （14）_______ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are． We should be wi to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least （15）_______ it． It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest．
