主谓一致
一.概念:
主谓一致是指：
1） 语法一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要保持一致。
2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
那些年错过的
3） 就近一致，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例：
There is much water in the thermos.
二. 知识点精讲
1. 并列主语的主谓一致。
1）两个名词用and连接作主语，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：
① Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
② Tom and Jack are clo friends. 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。
2）两个名词用and连接作主语，表示同一人、同一物、同一概念或表不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数（通常and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词）。例：
① The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
② The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
【典型例题】
The League cretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
3）两个由and连接作主语的名词被every, each, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数（后一个限定词可省略）。
① Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
② Many a teacher and (many a) student has en the film. 许多老师和学生看过这部电影。
4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时，可指一或几件事，此时可根据意义一致原则确定谓语的单复数。
① Simple and plain living is a fine quality. 生活简朴是一种优良的品质。
② English and American literature are appealing to her. 美国文学和英国文学都对她有吸引力。
5）由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数要与和它临近的主语的数保持一致。如：One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友来。
A cigar or a cigarette is very enjoyable. 来一支雪茄或香烟挺带劲的。
画 Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. 我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。
Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. 不是你就是我将负责这件事。
6）单数名词+with，along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except + 名词作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。如：
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加晚会了。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive in New York this afternoon. 史密斯博士及其夫人今天下午将到达纽约。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一个老师和三个学生在实验室里。
2. 某些名词作主语的主谓一致
脏的组词
1. 集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主语时谓语动词要依据所指意义而定。当作为整体看时，用单数；当指其中各成员时，谓语用复数。如：
The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments. 全班学生正在做实验。
2. 由两部分构成的物体的名词，如trours，pants, jeans, compass, glass, shorts等作主语时，谓语用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a/two/three/this…pair(s) of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：
The trours need cleaning. 这些裤子需要清洗。
Your glass are very nice. 你的眼镜很漂亮。
杭州西湖旅游攻略This pair of trours is mine. 这条裤子是我的。
Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。
3. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，通常当整体看，谓语用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time in one’s life. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
Forty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜走了40英里。
小孩晚上咳嗽20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 两万美元不是一笔小数目的钱。
2. 分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语的形式取决于它们表示的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。
A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部分的麦类作物被洪水毁掉了。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只60%的工作。
About 20 percent of the students are abnt today. 今天有大约20%的学生缺席。
3. 由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, ries) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。如：
This new type of bus is now on show. (但Bus of this kind are now on show.)
现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。
转基因生物All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。
Some new forms of art were discusd at the meeting. 会上讨论了一些新的艺术形式。
4．a number of(许多)，a variety of (各种各样的)和a group of(一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要求用复数形式。但the number of(…的数目)和the variety of(…的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of students are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。
The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店减价的货物的品种多的惊人。
5. 若主语由many a, more than one + 名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语仍用单数。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。
6．a quantity of及quantities of都可修饰单复名词；quantities of后的谓语总用复数；a quantity of后的谓语取决于名词的单复数。
With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of earth is being washed away each year.
= With more forests being destroyed, quantities of earth are being washed away each year.
萝卜榨菜
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的泥土被冲走。
主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and veral books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
不再困惑
