名词单复数教案
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词:可以用来计数的名词,有单数和复数形式,如:desk-desks, apple-apples等
不可数名词:不可以直接用来计数的名词,没有复数形式,只有单数形式,如:some bread, a little milk等
一、可数名词
1. 可数名词复数的规则变化
1)一般名词变复数在其后面加s,如map→maps (地图)
2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es,如bus→bus(公共汽车), watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盘子)
3)A.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如baby→babies(婴儿)
B.以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴), holiday→holidays(假期), storey→storeys(楼层);
注意:以y结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加s,如:two Marys, the Henrys
4)以o 结尾的名词变复数时:
A. 表示无生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(钢琴), radio→radios(收音机), zoo→zoos(动物园)
B. 表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆), tomato→tomatoes(西红柿) 巧记:英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。
特殊:zero→zeros / zeroes。
5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:
蛇舌草的功效与作用
A. 变f,fe 为v,再加es,如 half→halves(一半), knife→knives(刀子) ,wife→wives(妻子) ,life→lives (生命) 巧记:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)
和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
B. 加s的名词有: belief→beliefs(信念), roof→roofs (屋顶)
特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
Practice:
1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you e in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. There are some ______ in the _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes
4. _______ are good for our health.
A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato
室内装饰设计师5. I like to eat cake with ______.
A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys
6. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs B. Foxes…wolfs C. Foxes…wolves
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mou---mice man---men woman---women
goo---gee(鹅)
安步当车造句注意:1)由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,因为German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;由man 或 woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词需要同时变为复数形式,如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors
2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chine,Japane,jin,yuan,mu等。除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式。如:two dollars, two pounds。
3)表示“某国人”的复数变化规则
巧记:中日瑞士都不变,英法变,其他后面加s.
学校上课时间表Chine→Chine, Japane→Japane,Swiss→Swiss;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians
4)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词保留单数形式, 要用连字符连接,例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
Practice:
1. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teacher
2. Would you like _______ ,plea?
A. two glass of water B. two glass of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glass of waters
3. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen
成立工会 C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
4. The are the ______ of our national ______.
A. photos … heroes B. photoes … heroes C. photos … heros
5. The ______ are running on the ______.
A. deer … grass B. deers … grass C. deer … grass
6. I was so hungry and I ate two ______.
A. bowls of noodle B. bowls of noodles C. bowl of noodles
要注意的问题:
1)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,后面谓语动词用复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle
3)只有复数形式的名词 trours裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glass眼镜,compass圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子。traffic lights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动),做主语时,谓语动词用复数
4)the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人,如: The Greens like playing tennis.
5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
6)名词所有格
1)一般情况下,单数名词的所有格是在词尾直接加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包;复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如men's room 男厕所;若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' desks鸡内金工人的桌子。
2)表示两人或多人共同拥有某物时,只需在雪景图片伤感最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两人或多人分别拥有各抒己见时,各个名词词尾都需加’s
John's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)
3) 表示时间,距离,国家,团体等无生命的东西的名词,也可+’s ,
如,nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work
4) 有些名词所有格表示诊所,家,店铺
如,at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s
5) 无生命的名词所有格一般用of构成
如,a map of China the name of the city
Practice:
1. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
2. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples