专有名词 | 普通名词 | |||
国名•地名•人名, 团体•机构名称 | 可数名词 | 不可数名词 | ||
个体名词 | 集体名词 | 抽象名词 | 物质名词 | |
规则 | 例词 | s | ||
1 | 一般情况在词尾加-s | map-maps, a-as, girl-girls, day-days | ||
2 | 以s, x, ch, sh吉尾的名词后加-es | 励志减肥 class-class, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes | ||
3 | 烟台万达广场以-f或-fe结尾的 词 | 变-f和-fe为v再加-es | leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, kni fe-k ni ves, loaf-loaves, wife-wive | |
加-s | belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs | |||
4 | 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i 加-es | party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities | oes | |
5 | 鸡块面的家常做法以兀音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结 尾的,加-s | toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Hen ry-He nrys | ||
6 | 以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词 | 一般加-es | hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomal | |
不少外来词加-s | pia no-pia nos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos | |||
两者皆可 | zero-zeros/zeroes, volca no-volca no es/ volca nos | |||
7 | 以兀音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s | radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos | ||
8 | 以-th结尾的名词加-s | truth-truths, mouth-mouths, mon th-m on ths, path-paths, | ||
规则 | 例词 | ||
1 | 改变名词中的兀音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woma n-wome n, foot-feet, goo-gee, mou-mice | |
2 | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, ries, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, | |
3 | :只有复数形式 | ashes, trours, clothes, tha nks, goods, glass, compass, cc | |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | people, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作 复数(成员) | audie nee, class, farniikyrowd, couple, group, committee, gover nm populati on, crew, team, public, ene mrty | |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs海 关),forces军队),times时代),spirits情 绪),drin ks(饮 料),san ds沙 滩),papers文 件报纸),ma nn ers礼貌),looks(外 表), brai ns头脑智力),gree ns青菜),rui ns废墟) | |
7 | 表示 “某国 人” | 加-S | America ns, Australia ns, Germa ns, Greeks, Swedes, Europea ns |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portugue, Chin e, Japa ne | ||
以-man 或 -woman 结尾 的改为 -me n,-wome n | En glishme n, Fren chwome n | ||
8 | 合成名 词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | son s-i n-law lookers-on, pasrs-byory-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grow n-ups, houwives, stopwatches | ||
将两部分变为复数 | wome n sin gers, men rva nts | ||
单数名词在末尾加’s | the boy ’ s father, Jack ’ s binDkawer scphoto, | |
复数名词 | 一般在末尾加’ | the teachers ’ room, the twins ’ mother, |
不规则复数名词后加’s | the children ’ s toys, women ’ s rights, | |
以s结尾的人名所有格加’或者’ | Dicke ns ’ no vels, Charles ’ s job, tauSmiths ’ |
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s | Japan’ s and America ’ s problems, Jane ’ 备课的基本要求s and Mary ’ s bikes |
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s | Japan and America ’ s problems, Jane and Mary ’ s father |
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略 | thedoctor ’ s, the barber ’ s, the tailor ’ s, my uncle ’ s |
1乔任梁是谁 | 表示时间 | today ’ newspaper, five weeks ’ holiday |
2 | 表示自然现象 | the earth ’ s atmosphere, the tree ’ s bran ches |
3 | 表示国家城市等地方的名词 | the country ’ s pla n, the world ’ s populati on, China ’ s indi |
4 | 表示工作群体 | the ship ’ sncajority ’ s view, the team ’ s victory |
5 | 表示度量衡及价值 | a mile ’ s」01^灯01駅 worth 'of apples |
6 | 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 | the life ’ s time, the play ’ s plot |
7 | 某些固定词组 | a bird ’ s eyea/iew ne ’,sathoow ’ s w不知所措n d( |
1 | 指一类人或事,相当于周杰伦出场费a kind of | A pla ne is a mach ine that can fly |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 | A boy is wait ing for you. |
3 | 表示每一相当于every one | We study eight hours a d ay |
4 | 表示相冋相当于the same | We are n early of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有 类似性质的人或事 | A Mr. Smith came to visit you whe n you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a h hrye a walk, many a tim |
7 | 用于 quite, rather, manyalf, what, suc之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | The hor is a uful ani mal. |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 | the uni ver, the moon, the Pacific Ocea n |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind ope ning the door? |
4 | 用于乐器前面 | play the violi n, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | the reach, the livi ng, the woun ded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” | the Gree ns, the angs |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | He is the taller of the two childre n. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前 | the Un ited States, the Communist Party of China, the Fre |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was inven ted in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990 ’ s |
11 | 用于表示单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
1 | 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 | Beiji ng Un iversity Jack, Chi na, love, air |
2 | 名词前有 this, my who, some, no, each, ev®限制 | I want this book, not that on e.Who pur is this? |
3 | 季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前 | March, Sun dayNati onal Dayspri ng |
4 | [表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 | Li ncoln was made Preside nt of America. |
5 | 学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前 | He likes play ing football/chess. |
基督教牧师讲道 |
6 | 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 | by train, by air, by land |
7 | ;以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 | husba nd and wife, knife and fork, day and ni ght |
8 | :表示泛指的复数名词前 | Hors are uful an imals. |
1 | 人称 代词 | 主格 | I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they |
宾格 | me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them | ||
2 | 物主 代词 | 形容词性 | my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
名词性 | mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs | ||
3 | 反身代词 | mylf, yourlf, himlf, herlf, itlf, ourlves, yourlves, themlves | |
4 | 指示代词 | this, that, the, tho, such, some | |
5 | 疑问代词 | who, whom, who, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever | |
6 | 关系代词 | that, which, who, whom, who, as | |
7 | 不疋代词 | one/ some/ anyeach/ everynone/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, | |
other/ ano ther, all/ both, n either/ either | |||
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