初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
腾讯空间如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如: If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
一、与现在事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
If | 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形 | Should Would +动词原形 could might |
| | |
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to e the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
If | 1. should+动词原形 2. 动词过去式 3、were to+动词原形 | Should Would +动词原形 could might |
| | |
If you should lo, what would you do?
If I were to e her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.
If you went there next time, you would e what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词 | 条件从句 | 结果从句 |
考研必读If | had+过去分词 | Should Would + have+过去分词 could might伴娘服 |
| | |
If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
注意事项:
音寨1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
3.If there weren't/had not been +…=without…
4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…
5.otherwi+虚拟语气的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
带秋的诗句 sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式)
sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
虚拟现在 were, did (动词一般过去式)
虚拟过去 had done大路边村
虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)
例:I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去)
I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虚拟将来)
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在)
3. suggest+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should +动词原形,should常常省略。
这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propo,suggest,recommend,requested, require等。
注意:
1. suggest 当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
判断改错:(错) Your pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is后可用的词有三类:
suggested, ordered, required, propod, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议), idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off.
V. 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)prent the prizes.
VI. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is(about /high)time +that sb.did sth/should do sth..
eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home?
注:在this is the first time /cond time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?
VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1.在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病,他俩去办公室。
2.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really en it. 她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),for fear that及in ca引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.
VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中
1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
王维被称为eg.You shouldn't have been following him so cloly;you should have kept your distance.
悔之无及
2.If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语
eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.
虚拟语气练习
(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.