PREPARATION (20 minutes)
READING-CENTERED ACTIVITIES
1.T ext organization (5 minutes)
1) Introduction (Para.1)
It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture
2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (Para.2—4)
Supporting evidence:
A. T eachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para.2)
a. Its conquence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process。
b. The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement.
c. Two examples:
i. In many of former all-women‟s colleges, the boys were “taking over”the classroom discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.
ii. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been obrved in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.
B. T eachers assigned boys and girls different tasks in accordance with stereotyped
gender roles. (Para.3)
a. Its conquence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class
b. An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific “experiment” while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away
C. Gender-biad education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’s
assumption. (Para.4)
a. The assumption: Boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills。
b. Its problem: The assumption is also a lf-fulfilling prophecy.
c. Three examples:
i. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.
驴肉包子馅的做法
ii. In Germany, all students are considered “masculine”, and it is girls who develop reading problems.
iii. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonxist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading
3) The educational bias begins at home. (Para.5)
A. Supporting evidence:
a. Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.
b. Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of and for their “goodness” and obedience to rules.
B. The conquences when the lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:
Girls are generally obrved to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.
C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold
Language points (50 minutes)
1.approve
[流行美语79]：down with that 同意
含义2）的例句II): The Medical Rearch Council said it could not approve the u of the new drug without further tests.
The Medical Rearch Council is the UK's largest public organisation dedicated to advancing knowledge in all areas of human health. It consists of a large number of parate units and centres, located across the UK, each with its own area of specialisation.
2.aspiration
aspire v. aspire after / to sth
～desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth 渴望成就某事务，对某事物有雄心或野心
< aspire after knowledge 渴求知识
【常用句型】
cherish an aspiration for…胸怀······志向
have an aspiration to do sth. 渴望干······事
【例句】1.She had an aspiration to go abroad to pursue her studies. 她渴望出国学习。
2. I have no aspiration for/after fame.我不求名。
【记忆】派生词：aspirant n.有志者
lofty aspiration and great ideals雄心壮志
3.assign
Job Assignment 工作分配
overa assignment 海外工作
v. 组成，构成；建立
【例句】1) Seven days constitute a week. 一周有七天。
2) Such actions constitute a crime. 这种行动构成了犯罪。
3) The developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America constitute the Third World.三年级语文生字表
亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家构成了第三世界。
【词组】constitute a government/an institute 建立政府/机构
constitute new traffic regulations 制定新的交通规则
五十英文辨析constitute, compo, compri组成，构成，由...组成
3to constitute正式用语，指若干部分构成一个整体，不用被动语态
to compo指一个整体由若干部分构成或由哪些要素构成，常用be compod of (整
体is compod of部分)
4Water is compod of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
5Steel is compod of iron and a number of other elements.
6The book compris ten chapters.这本书共有十章。
7Studying and doing experiments comprid practically the whole of his life. 研究和做实验几乎就是他生活的全部内容。
to compri不仅有“整体由...构成”的意思，还有”由若干部分构成整体”的意思，不用被动语态。
to make up组成，构成(注意：被动语态的句子要加，多用于被动语态) 8The three articles make up the whole book.
9The board of directors is made up of experienced people.
10Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.
11to consist of: to be made up of
12The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
读书百遍的下一句13A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.
5.culturally
multi-culti <Chine>多元文化
multicultural
<Imagination>culture clash文化冲击cultural shock文化休克，文化冲击cultural conflict文化冲突multi-culturalism多文化的
<English>corporate culture企业文化
popular culture大众文化subculture亚文化foreign culture外来文化 traditional culture传统文化
<English>cultural literacy文化素养
cultural goods文化遗产，精神财富cultural property文化遗产cultural circle文化圈contraculture反主流文化civic culture市民文化control / mainstream culture主流文化
cultural cour文化课cultural differences文化差异cultural heritage文化遗产
/cross-cultural marriage跨境婚姻
6.feminine
femininity n. 女子的气质，女性，女人气
feminism 男女平等主义, 女权主义
feminist 男女平等主义者，争取女权主义者
Feb Lib妇女解放运动feminization女性化feminine gender阴性
femtalk中性语言（不带性别歧视的语言）
gender roles性别角色
gender equity男女平等genderist带性别歧视的
基因gene
基因图谱gene mapping
遗传密码genetic code (ATGC)
遗传图genetic map
genetic engineer遗传生物学家geneticist遗传学家
gene engineering基因工程 **
transgenic food转基因食品
转基因的transgenic
GM foods 转基因食品
GM stands for “genetically modified”. This means that the genes in food plants are altered. Genetic medication is done to make the plants resistant to incts and chemicals, or to improve quality.
9.masculine
masculinity男性，男子气masculinization男性化masculine gender阳性Yin and Yang阴阳
10.nurry (school)
nurry nur ～nur trained to look after small children 保育员
nurryman ～man who works in a plant nurry 花圃工，苗木培育工
nurry rhyme ～traditional poem or song for children 传统的儿歌、童谣
11.subordination n.
subordinate adj.
subordinate to sb. ~ lower in rank or position 级别或职位较低的，下级的
subordinate to sth ~ of less importance 次要的附属的
subordinate n. ~ person who is subordinate to sb. El 下级，部署
< the commanding officer and his subordinates 指挥官及其部下
subordinate v. subordinate sth to sth ~ treat sth as of lesr importance than sth el 将某事物置于次要地位
< In her book, she subordinates this issue to more general problems.在她的书中，她把这个问题处理得不如一般问题重要。
Subordinate clau 从句
12.unknowingly
knowing adj.
１）~ showing or suggesting that one has information which is cret or not known to others （对别人不知道的秘密）知悉的，心照不宣的
< a knowing look, glance, expression, etc 显出了解内情的样子，目光、表情等
２）shrewd, cunning 世故的，狡猾的
记住的英语< She is a bit too knowing for me to feel relaxed with her. 她有点世故，和她相处我觉得不自在。
Knowingly adv. １）故意地，蓄意地
< It appears that what I said was untrue, but I did not knowingly lie to you. 看来我说错了，但是我并非故意向你撒谎。
２）知悉地，心照不宣地
< He winked at her knowingly. 他会心地向她眨了眨眼睛。
3. T ext analysis (50 minutes)
Teacher leads the students to read the text and explain it by asking the following questions. Summary of the T ext:
1In the American education process, it has been experimented to prove that xual discrimination has been existed in education, in which boys are more favored than girls. In this way, society enhances its established values and that each gender should be in its traditional and expected mold. This phenomenon prevents the education process being successful all over the world.
1)Joan Y oung Gregg 作者
Joan Young Gregg is Professor at New York City Technical College, City University of New York. She is the author of Communication and Culture: A Reading-Writing Text
2)Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of
behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (l.1)
[翻译技巧]：prove that 单独成句翻译
译文：在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。
3)In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of
behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. (l. 3)
钱学森怎样原谅蒋英的
Incorporated adj.结合的
【常用句型】incorporate in /with /into 合并，并入
【例句】 1. He has incorporated all the beautiful scenery into his painting.
他把所有的美景都汇入他的画中。
2. He tried to incorporate the traditional method with his new method in order to create a
perfect work of art.他把传统方法与他自己的新方法结合起来，试图创造出一件完美的艺术品。
an incorporated company 有限责任公司
[翻译技巧]：culturally patterned独成短语翻译
在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了细微的行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成了他们性别特征的一部分。
4)In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine
way.(l. 6)
[翻译技巧]：feminine 和masculine 单独翻译
也就是说，别人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事，男有男的规矩，女有女的标准。
5)Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study x-related bias
in education. (l. 19)
[翻译技巧]：videotaped classroom teachers 增加词
为了研究在教育中存在的性别偏爱，戴维。赛德克博士和迈拉。赛德克博士，夫妇两个录制了教师在课堂上课的情形。
谛听的拼音
Myra and David Sadker, experts on gender bias and equity in the classroom. They examine text books, rearch results, and interviews with children to show where inequities in education reside.
6)As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women‟s colleges in the
northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was obrved by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. (l. 29)
all-women’s colleges
The colleges were for female students only. They no longer exist in the United States unless they are private institutions. Since the 1960s, state-funded colleges and universities have to be co-educational.
[翻译技巧]：active participation 翻译中要加上”…的程度一词”
【译文】事实上，在20世纪60年代末期，当美国东北部的多所最好的女子学院向男学生敞开大门时，教授们和女生们都观察到男孩们在逐渐“接管”课堂的讨论，而女生的积极参与性则有所下降。
7)A similar subordination of female to male students has also been obrved in law and medical
春秋张敬轩school classrooms in recent years. (l. 30)
[翻译技巧]：英文被动变成汉语的主动
[译文]：近年来，在法学院和医学院的课堂上也发现了类似的情况：与男生相比女生处于次要的地位。
8)Rearch done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from
participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. (l. 33)
[翻译技巧]：调整语序
【译文】赛德克夫妇所做的研究表明，有时候教师们会根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子
