猜测词义技巧练习
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重难点讲解
猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。
技巧训练：要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。
1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：
（1）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
（2）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。怎么样？不难吧？
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does rearch on animals. 不难猜出，zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。
当看到文中的破折号“—”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用
的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如：
生源贷款
Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers—tho who can understand as well as speak many languages.
院前急救的原则
这里，Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。你猜出来了吗？
2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwi，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如：
（1）Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。
（2）John usually wastes a lot of money on such uless things ; his wife, however, is very thrifty. 和wastes a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。
3. 通过因果关系猜测词义
becau , since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，猫能吃狗粮吗so是连结表示结果的并列句的
连词，so...that与hat中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有
生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如：
（1）She wanted the hairdresr to trim her hair a bit becau it was too long.
根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right ? Ok, it’s your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。
（2）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to e the bottom even when it is shallow.
根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？
4. 根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。
下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
（1）Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they u their claws for tearing, izing, pulling or holding objects.
（2）Most of the ros are beginning to wither becau of the cold.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们： wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。
5. 根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于
同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。
例如：（1）At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
（2）Are people born intelligent or stupid? 外明堂你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？
从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid“愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。
雨的四季课文6. 根据列举的事例猜测词义
如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
7. 根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词
词义。如：
数学知识The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘
的”意思。
【典型例题】猜测词义技巧练习：根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
1. John drives too fast , and he often drives in the middle of the street. He doesn’t watch
what
the other cars are doing. He is a reckless driver.
A. very careful B. very careless C. very harmful D. very harmless
2. When Glen finished college，he couldn’t find a job. Then his luck changed. A big
engineering company hired him.
A. give him a job B. paid him C. told him to stop working D. told him about his future
3. A computer is a complex好玩的英文 machine. It is not simple.
A. simple B. complicated C. beautiful D. expensive
4. Children like to play with water . After it rains , they will walk in every puddle they can find.
A. rainfall B. water sitting in the street C. snow D. a small river
警世5. Chicken pox can be very rious for a child who is not in good health. The child develops red
spots , and feels hot and uncomfortable . A healthy child gets well quickly.
A. a kind of animal B. a kind of food C. a kind of childhood dia D. a lack of pure water
6. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife , and their baby . Pierre’s family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years . Their ancestors came from France.
A. family members from a long time ago. B. grandparents and their grandchildren.
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents. D. family members all living at the same time
7. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They ll their
carvings to stores and muums．
