动词以及动词短语-高中英语语法记忆框架版(精编)

更新时间:2023-07-13 07:28:08 阅读: 评论:0

动词以及动词短语
一. 定义
    表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。动词决定着句子意思的表达,同时又决定着句子的语法结构。
    1.根据动词在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词
  说明 很多动词是兼类词。例如:
  We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(have是实义动词。)
  He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(have是助动词。)
  2. 根据动词后是否带有宾语,可分为及物动词与不及物动词两类(英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.)
说明 同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:
  She can dance and sing.
  她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
  She can sing many English songs.
  她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)
常见的不及物动词
30万韩币
apologize,appear,arrive,come,go, run, walk, die, fall, flow, happen, ri, stay, sit, lie, stand
实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词
持续性动词(延续动词)
表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。
drink, eat, fly, have, keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, read, run, sing, sleep, smoke, snow, stand, talk, wait, walk, wear, work
终止性动词
表示行为或过程是在短暂瞬间完成的。
admit, arrive, begin, borrow, buy, break, clo, come, die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lo, marry, open, put, start, stop,lay
3. 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分为谓语动词非谓语动词两类。如:
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)
  She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。)
  说明 英语中共有三种非谓语动词:动词不定式、动名词、分词。
4. 根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如:
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phras. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
  Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
  学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)
  The young ought to take care of the old.
  年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)
5. 动词有五种基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、-ing形式脸上长红疙瘩
二.系动词
  系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。
说明 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如:
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟表语,说明主语情况。)
  He fell off the ladder. 
  他从梯子上摔下来。(fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。)
1)状态系动词      用来陈述事实,表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:
  He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与表语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
八下政治
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, hold, rest, continue。例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。橄榄枝代表什么
  This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词    表示“看起来像”,有em, appear, look等:
  He looks tired.  他看起来很累。
    He ems(to be)very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词  感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
  This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.如:
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。
  She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”,“最终表明”之意。例如:
  The rumor proved fal. 这谣言证实有假。
The arch proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
  His plan turned out a success.  他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
注意
①有些连系动词与形容词的搭配较为固定,如: come true(变成现实),draw near(临近),fall asleep(入睡),fall ill(生病),go bad(变质),go mad(发疯),go hungry(挨饿),go wrong(出毛病),get lost(迷路),get ready(准备好),keep calm(保持冷静),keep clean and tidy(保持整洁),make certain(确认),make ready(准备好),make sure(确信),run dry(干枯),stand firm(不让步),stand still(站着不动)。
  If you come clean about what happened, I will promi to keep it to mylf. 
发生了什么事你都告诉我,我保证不会对别人讲的。
  The prediction is coming true.预言即将变成现实。
  Something went wrong with the computer. 计算机出毛病了。 
  The charges of water and electricity will fall due tomorrow; don't forget to pay it.
水电费到明天就到期了,别忘记交。
② em, appear, prove, turn out,等连系动词后可接to be,也可不接(to be 后如果是名词且无形容词修饰,to be常不省)。
She emed (to be) an honest woman.
She emed to be a nur.
She appears (to be) asleep.
The party turned out (to be) very successful.
注意 连系动词无被动语态。
常考的变化类系动词辨析
系动词
用法
常用结构
例句
go
①由好到坏或
由正常到不常的
变化②“保持”
go bad;go blind;go mad; go hungry
男士搭配
(go unreported,未被披露 go unnoticed,未被注意)
The tire went flat.
He often went hungry in the past.
come
变成为(已
知的状态);证实为
come true;
come right
Things will come right in the end.
His dream will come true sooner or later.
run
男人气虚症状“变成”
run short; run dry
The well has run dry.
turn
成为与以前完全不同的东西。
多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。
The trees turn red in autumn.
He has turned writer.
fall
“进入(某种状态);成为”
fall asleep; fall ill; fall lame; fall silent
The old men, unable to express himlf, fell silent.
get
  “变成,变得……起来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐”。
后接形容词、分词、介词短语。
从拼音The days are getting longer and longer.
become
    “成为”,普通用
    语,多表示过
    去完成的事。
become +a(n)+名词
She has become a lawyer.
He became angry with me.
grow
“渐渐变得……起来;长得”,强调其变化过程。
常可接表示天气或生长情况的形容词。
It’s growing warm.
The tree is growing taller and taller.
appear
“显得,好像”,
常用于正式文
体中。指给他
人的表面印象,
有时含有实质
上并非如此之意。
appear to be / adj. / n. / prep.
appear to do;
It ;
appear as if/
though
He appeared to be talking to himlf.
互联网推广营销It appears that they are right.
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
em
“似乎,好像”。 指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
em to be / adj. / n. / prep.
em to do;
It ;
ems as if /though
The young man emed to have changed much.
It ems that she is happy.
She emed as if she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.
look
“好像,看起来”,一
般用于非正式场合。
侧重由视觉得到的印象。
Look +adj./n./prep.
look like;
look as if/though
She looks like her mother.
It looks as if we are going to have snow.
He looked happy.

本文发布于:2023-07-13 07:28:08,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/82/1093949.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

标签:动词   主语   表示
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图