考研英语（一）历年真题山竹苗
（2009—2018）
目录
英语一：
2009年考研英语（一）真题 (001)
2010年考研英语（一）真题 (010)
2011年考研英语（一）真题 (019)
2012年考研英语（一）真题 (028)
2013年考研英语（一）真题 (037)
2014年考研英语（一）真题 (046)
2015年考研英语（一）真题 (055)
2016年考研英语（一）真题 (065)
2017年考研英语（一）真题 (074)
2018年考研英语（一）真题 (083)
A Bigger World 考研英语（一）历年真题（2009－2018）
2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
海棠花的花语
Rearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright.
关照的近义词
Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line becau it depends on learning -a(n) 7 process-instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .
Is there an adaptive value to9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new rearch. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wi, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.
上汽通用五菱
Rearch on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.
1 [A] Suppo [B] Consider [C] Obrve [D] Imagine
2 [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened
3 [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer
4 [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority
5 [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward
6 [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along
7 [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual
8 [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think
9 [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different
10 [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward
谢神11 [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs
12 [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across
产业化项目
13 [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply
14 [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance
15 [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
16 [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach
17 [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with
18 [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwi
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A Better You考研英语（一）历年真题（2009－2018）
19 [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile
20 [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, tting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.
So it ems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain rearchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.你看得见吗
Rather than dismissing ourlves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try -the more we step outside our comfort zone -the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
购房新政策But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once tho ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourlves create parallel pathways that can bypass tho old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himlf ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Rearchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, prerving only tho modes of thought that have emed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently u our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system -that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 b
ook This Year and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.
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A Bigger World 考研英语（一）历年真题（2009－2018）
21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being .
[A] casual [B] familiar [C] mechanical [D] changeable.
22. Brain rearchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be .
[A] predicted [B] regulated [C] traced [D] guided
23. “ruts”(Line 1, Paragraph 4) is clost in meaning to .
[A] tracks [B] ries [C] characteristics [D] connections
24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that .
[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind [B] innovativeness could be taught
[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas [D] curiosity activates creative minds
25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing
[A] prevents new habits from being formed
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking model
[D] complies with the American belief system
Text 2
It is a wi father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom -or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore -and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchad the PTKs since they first become available without prescri
ptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies ll DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can u to find their biological relatives and families can u to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists -and supports business that offer to arch for a family’s geographic roots .
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and nding it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some obrvers are skeptical. “There is a kind of fal precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors -numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is pasd down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three gen
erations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databas ud by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different rearch projects. This means that a DNA databa may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results
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