When Arthur was in the first grade, the teacher directed the class to "think." "Now, class," she said, "I know this problem is a little harder than the ones we've been doing, but I'm going to give you a few extra minutes to think about it. Now start thinking."
It was not the first time Arthur had heard the word ud. He'd heard it many times at home but never quite this way. The teacher emed to be asking for some special activity, something he should know how to start and stop. Like his father's car. "Vroom-m-m," he muttered half aloud. Becau of his confusion, he was unaware he was making the noi. "Arthur, plea stop making nois and start thinking."可爱卡通头像
Embarrasd and not knowing quite what to do, he looked down at his desk. Then out of the corner of his eye he noticed that the little girl next to him was staring at the ceiling. "Maybe that's the way you start thinking," he guesd. He decided the others had probably learned how to do it last year, that time he was home with the measles. So he stared at the ceiling.
As he progresd through grade school and high school, he heard that same direction hundreds of times. "No, that's not the answer, you're not thinking – now 朱雀山think!" And occasionally, form a particularly lf-pitying teacher given to talking to himlf aloud: "What did I do to derve this? Don't they teach them anything in the grades anymore? Don't you people care about ideas? Think, dammit, THINK."
规划建设So Arthur learned to feel somewhat guilty about the whole matter. Obviously this thinking was an important activity that he'd failed to learn. Maybe he lacked the brain power. But he was resourceful enough. He watched the other students and did what they did. Whenever a teacher started in about thinking, the screwed up his face, furrowed his brow, stretched his head, stroked his chin, stared off into space or up at the ceiling, and repeated silently to himlf, "Let's e now, I've got to think about that, think, think (I hope he doesn't call on me), think." Though Arthur didn't know it, that's just what the other students were saying to themlves.
Becau Arthur's situation is not all that uncommon, your experience may have been similar. That is, probably many people have gold you to think, but no one ever explained what thinking is, how many kinds of thinking there are, and what qualities a good thinker has that a poor thinker lacks.
Thinking is a general term covering numerous activities from day-dreaming to reflection and analysis. Here are just some of the verbs Roget's 文章事件Thesaurus includes for the word think:
appreciate
believe
cerebrate
黑枸杞的作用cogitate
conceive
consider
consult
contemplate
长发图片deliberate
digest
discuss
dream
fancy
imagine
meditate
mu
ponder
realize
reason
reflect
ruminate
speculate
suppo
卤小龙虾weigh
However, all of tho are just he names that thinking goes under. They really don't explain it. The fact is after thousands of years of humans' experiencing thought and talking and writing about it, it remains in many respects one of the great mysteries of human existence. But though much is yet to be learned, a great deal is already known.
ONE BRAIN OR TWO?
Brain function rearch has revealed the importance of a small bundle of nerves found between the left and right sides of the brain. Until recently that bundle, the corpus callosum, was thought to have no significant function. Now, however, scientists know that the brain is not one center of thought and learning but two. Each side has control over certain skills. When the corpus callosum is intact, the two sides work in harmony (although one may dominate). But when the corpus is cut or damaged, the left side of the brain is no longer aware of what the right side is doing and vice versa. Experiments performed with patients in this condition reveal hand controlled by the "blind" eye cannot later identify the object by touch. It is a familiar object to one part of the brain but totally unfamiliar to the other.
We now know, too, that each half of the brain has its own memories and its own train of thought. The left half deals mainly in words and is associated with analysis and logical thinking. The right half deals mainly in nsory images and is associated with intuition and creative thinking. Despite the parateness of the hemispheres, however, the brain's functions are profoundly integrated.
因循守旧Some rearchers regard the brain as synonymous with the mind. Western philosophy, however, has traditionally held that there is an important difference. According to this view, the brain is a physical reality whereas the mind is metaphysical – that is, nonmaterial.
CRITICAL THINKING DEFINED
The word critical often carries negative connotation, implying excessive faultfinding. That connotation does not apply to the term critical thinking, which refers to the process of evaluating ideas. When we think critically, we judge the accuracy of statements and the soundness of the reasoning that leads to conclusions. Critical thinking helps us interpret complex ideas, apprai the evidence offered in support of arguments, and distinguish between reasonableness and unreasonableness. Both problem solving and decision making depend on critical thinking, as does the meaningful discussion of controversial issues.
