8A U4 知识点梳理
1. You’d better get some tools.
‘d better 是had better的缩写，意为“最好”，后面必须跟动词原形。用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其否定形式为had better not do sth.
Y什么奶粉比较好啊ou had better read the book.你最好读一读这本书。
You’d better not play football every day. 你最好不要每天踢足球。
2. Shall we start?
Shall we do something? = Let’s do something, shall we? 不表示疑问，用来提议，意思是“我们做某事好吗？”
Eg. Shall we go out for a walk?
= Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?我们出去散散步，好吗？
“Shall we do something?”的答句比较灵活。肯定回答用：Good idea! That’s great. All right! Let’s go.等。否定回答时需说明理由。
Eg. —Shall we go out for a walk?
—No. I have lots of things to do.
3. No problem! 没问题！
no problem意为“没问题”，用来表示同意或愉快地答应请求。
--Could you write the word for me?
--No problem.
No problem 还可用于以下情境：
●回答感谢，意为“不用谢；别客气”
---Thank you very much. ---No problem.
崆峒山简介●回答道歉，意为“没关系；没什么”
---I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ---No problem.
●表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题；不在话下”
---Can you finish the work in an hour? ---No problem.
4. exactly adv. 确切地，精确地
Tell me exactly where Mary lives. 请确切地告诉我玛丽住在哪里。
His answer is exactly right. 他的答案完全正确。
其形容词为exact, 意为“确切的，精确的”
It was difficult to tell her exact age. 很难说出她确切的年龄。
5. stand for 代表，象征
PRC代表中国共和国。PRC stands for People’s Republic of China.
鸽子象征着和平。The dove stands for peace.
6. instead of 而不是，代替
为介词短语，后面常接名词、代词或动名词充当宾语，还可接和前面对等的形容词、副词或介词短语。
如：我们将去问李明而不是去问玛丽。
We’ll ask Li Ming instead of Mary.
他们没有坐公共汽车而是步行到那里去。
They went there on foot instead of by bus.
他没有学习，而是上网了。
Instead of studying, she surfed the Internet.
【注】instead of与instead可进行同义句转换。
如：她去游泳了，而没有打篮球。
She went swimming instead of playing basketball.
易特网She didn’t play basketball. She went swimming instead.
7. be 对......着迷，痴迷于......
其中about是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
汤姆对音乐很着迷。愧的成语
Tom is crazy about music.
我不擅长体育，但是我对看体育比赛很着迷。
I am not good at sports, but I am crazy about watching sports matches.
8. He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.
（1）①once此处作副词，意为“一度，曾经”，常位于系动词be之后，行为动词之前。当表示过去的经验或经历时，也可放在句首作状语。
如：这部影片曾经很受欢迎，可是现在没有人看它了。
This film was once popular, but nobody es it now.
我曾经住在中国的南方。
I once lived in the south of China.
他从前在那家工厂工作过。
Once he worked in the factory.
②once作副词时，还可意为“一次，一回”，常用在句末。
如：我们去过那里一次。
We have been there once.
我们每周去看望爷爷奶奶一次。
We go to e my grandparents once a week.
（2）put in 安装
如：他们要安装新窗户。
They will put in new windows.
安装中央暖气需要多少钱？
How much does it cost to put in central heating?
（3）make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误
如：他在拼写方面犯了许多错误。
He made many mistakes in spelling.
鸡蛋汤
【短语拓展】make a noi/nois 发出噪音 make a face/faces 做鬼脸
如：别制造噪音，那个婴儿正在睡觉。
Don’t make a noi/nois. 蓝丝带的故事The baby is sleeping.
那个孩子冲他爸爸做鬼脸。
The child made a face at his father.
9. Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water.
（1）put up 意为“挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建造”
如：请举起你们的手。
Plea put up your hands.
我爸爸在花园前面搭了个帐篷。
My father put up a tent in front of the garden.
【拓展】由put构成的短语：
put on 穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧） put out 伸出，扑灭
put away 收起来，收好
如：他穿上外套离开了房间。
He put on his coat and left the room.
他用毯子把火扑灭了。
He put out the fire with a blanket.
该回家了，请把学习用品收好。
It’s time to go home. Plea put away your school things.
（2）意为“用......充满......”
如：他把玻璃杯里装满了水。
He filled the glass with water. / The glass was filled with water by him.
【拓展】be filled with相当于be full of，意为“装满......，充满......”
如：书包里装满了书。
The schoolbag is filled with books./The schoolbag is full of books.
10. Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.
not only ... but also ... 意为“不但…而且…”，可以连接并列主语、宾语或表语。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式由but also后的主语来决定，即就近原则。
Not only your parents but also I am proud of you. （并列主语）
He can speak not only English but also Japane. （并列宾语）
My mother is not only a good teacher but also a good cook. （并列表语）
如：我妈妈不仅喜欢看书，还喜欢上网聊天。
My mother likes not only reading but also chatting online.
11. above, over, on
三个词都可意为“在……之上”
above指两物体不接触，多用于不垂直的“上方”，反义词为below；
over指两物体不接触，多用于垂直的“正上方”，与under互为反义词；
on指与物体表面接触。
如：飞机在云层上面飞行。
The plane flew above the clouds.
河上有一座桥。
There is a bridge over the river.
墙上有一张地图。
There is a map on the wall.
12. They couldn’t stay there becau差生班 one end of the shelf was much higher than the other!
厦门一周天气预报 意思是“一个……另一个……”
如：我有两部手机，一部是给你的，另一部是给你姐姐的。
