Rhetorical Purpos
Paragraph 5: The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impuls are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impuls on other people, including their parents, becau even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impuls. The Freudian perspective, in a n: es us as "十三韵steam engines满清10大酷刑." By holding in rather than venting "steam," we t the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impuls demand outlets. They may be expresd toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expresd toward strangers later in life.
(OG- Aggression)
Freud describes people as “steam engines” in order to make the point that people
○deliberately build up their aggression to make themlves stronger
○usually relea aggression in explosive ways醉玲珑大结局
○must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up
○typically lo their aggression if they do not express it
Paragraph 5: An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like tho of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at a. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind leg
s were ud for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern a lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at a.
（OG-The Origins of Cetaceans）
Why does the author u the word “luckily” in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?
○Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.
○The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.
○The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.
○Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.
Paragraph 4: The first generation to experience the changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill wor
中世纪女巫ker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked cloly with the masters supervising them, factories sharply parated workers from management. Few workers ro through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of tting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers nd their decline in status.浮的反义词是什么
(OG- Artisans and Industrialization)
In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to
○support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
○to show that workers sometimes quit becau of the loud noi made by factory machinery
碳酸钠溶于水○argue that clocks did not have a uful function in factories
○emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
Paragraph 3: Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in u, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.
(OG- Swimming Machines)
Why does the author mention that Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight?
○To show that air resistance and water resistance work differently from each other
○To argue that some fishes are better designed than airplanes are
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○To provide evidence that airplane engine have studied the design of fish bodies
○To demonstrate a similarity in design between certain fishes and airplanes
Paragraph 6: But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itlf leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition ems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy各种花的英文 requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as rious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic n. For example, some early societies cead to consider certain rites esntial to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious ufulness.
