英语特殊句式——倒装句
英语倒装的概念与分类
英语句子的结构一般是“主语 + 谓语”,语法上称这种语序为自然语序。但有时由于出于语法结构的需要或修辞的需要,常把句子中的一部分或全部倒转过来,这种语序就是倒装语序。英语的倒装分为部分倒装和完全倒装。
部分倒装指的是将谓语的一部分位于主语前,其句式与一般疑问句的相同。如:
She hardly has time to listen to music. =Hardly does she have time to listen to music.
英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有:
1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, ldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Little do we know his life.
2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you do it well.
联想广告3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如:
He can sing English songs and so can I.世界最大的地震
4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if,将 were, should, had 置于句首。如:
Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refu.
5. so...that 结构中,将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
完全倒装则指将谓语动词完全置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件:谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。;主语只能是名词, 若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装。
完全倒装主要涉及以下几种类型:
1. here类:当表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如:
聚拢近义词Here comes the bus.
2. away类:副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如:
Away went the runners.
3.状语或表语类:为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:
Among the people was his friend Jim.
注意:在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:
In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
万径人踪灭全诗4. 非谓语动词类:有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。如:
Standing beside the table was his wife.
让步倒装
所谓让步倒装,主要指的是由as或though引出的倒装形式的让步状语从句。这类倒装句置于句首的可以是形容词、副词、动词或名词等。如:
个人简历模板范文Successful as [though] he is, he is not proud.
注意,这类虚拟倒装有以下语法特点:
1. 当置于句首的名词是单数可数名词时,其前不能用冠词,即使名词前有形容词修饰也是如此。如:
Big puzzle as [though] it was, it hadn’t got the better of Jim.
2. 这类让步倒装句式用as或though均可,总的说来,as比though更普通,但是不能用although。
3. 用though时,也可以不倒装;而用as时,必须倒装。如:
正:Pretty though she is, she is not clever.
正:Though she is pretty, she is not clever.
正:Pretty as she is, she is not clever.
误:As she is pretty, she is not clever.
让步状语从句倒装用法
1. 名词+as / though+主语+动词
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外,要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较:
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 描写雾的句子
怎么关闭朋友圈功能2. 形容词+as / though+主语+动词
Successful as he is, he is not proud.
【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词,也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。
基因突变的概念
3. 副词+as / though+主语+动词
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待,认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合
连词。再如: