漏斗胸（Pectuxcavatum）
天煞孤星命摘自：/articles/pectus-excavatum
Pectus excavatum (or funnel chest) is a congenital chest wall deformity characterid by concave depression of the sternum, resulting in cosmetic and radiographic alterations.
漏斗胸是一种以胸骨凹陷为特征的先天性胸壁畸形，导致外观和影像学改变。
Epidemiology
It is the most common chest wall deformity, accounting for approximately 90%, and occurs in up to 1 in 300-1000 births and is more frequently en males (M:F = 3:1). The opposite deformity is known as pectus carinatum (pigeon chest).
流行病学
是最常见的胸壁畸形，占约90％，在300-1000名新生儿中会出现1例；男性发病率较高（M：F = 3：1）。与此相反的畸形被称为鸡胸。
Pathology
Associations
Although most are sporadic it can be en in association with:
∙Marfan syndrome
∙Noonan syndrome
∙Ehlers Danlos syndrome
∙neurofibromatosis type I
∙myotonic dystrophy
∙白椿fetal alcohol syndrome
∙homocystinuria
∙osteogenesis imperfecta
∙congenital scoliosis
∙Poland syndrome
病理
尽管大多数是散发病例，与以下疾病可能关联：
dork
∙马凡氏综合征
∙Noonan综合征
滨∙Ehlers Danlos综合征（先天性结缔组织发育不全综合征）
∙神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型
∙肌强直性营养不良
∙胎儿酒精综合征
∙高胱氨酸尿症
∙成骨不全
孙子兵法全解∙先天性脊柱侧凸
∙Poland综合症（胸大肌缺损并指综合征）
Clinical prentation
Although usually objectively asymptomatic, many patients report perceived inability to sustain physical activity. This is often associated with significant body-image issues which can have rious implications for affected children. Other than the obvious cosmetic and psychological issues, pectus excavatum is also occasionally associated with:
∙mitral valve prolap
∙restrictive pulmonary function test abnormalities
∙cardiac functional abnormalities
临床表现：
虽然平时无明显症状，但许多患者感觉无法维持体力活动。通常对儿童的体型有较严重的影响。除了明显的美观和心理问题，漏斗胸偶尔与以下疾病有关：
∙二尖瓣脱垂
∙限制性肺通气功能检查异常
∙心脏功能异常
模糊
最真诚的祝福语Radiographic features
六味地黄丸的功效与作用Plain radiograph
Characteristically demonstrates:
